关键词: 水稻, 育秧基质, 机械插秧, 机械抛秧, 秧苗素质, 土壤养分

Abstract:

Mechanized production of agriculture is an important way to ensure food security in China. In the process of rice production, seedling raising determines the quality of seedlings and transplanting quality. Under the background of the rapid development of mechanization, the traditional field mud seedling raising method can no longer meet the production needs, and a special seedling raising matrix matching with mechanization is needed to adapt to the future development. This paper summarizes the development process, characteristics, current situation and existing problems of seedling raising substrates under the two mechanized transplanting modes of machine transplanting and machine seedling throwing, and puts forward the prospect of the development of the two substrates. Through the review, it is clear that the research of machine transplanting seedling raising matrix is more in-depth than that of machine throwing seedling raising, and the mature supporting technology of the product is advanced, but there are some problems such as high cost and uneven commodity quality. The machine-throwing seedlings have high requirements on the matrix, and too heavy substrate leads to difficulties in obtaining materials and inconvenient transportation. Too light substrate leads to problems such as shallow mud entry and easy floating of seedlings. In the future, the matrix utilization of agricultural waste materials should be considered to reduce the production cost and ensure the balance and stability of matrix nutrients. The machine-throwing seedling substrate should focus on the development of machine-throwing special substrate from the perspective of physical properties and nutrient balance of the substrate.

Key words: rice, seedling substrate, mechanical transplanting, mechanical seedling throwing, seedling quality, soil nutrients