中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 76-80.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.05.012

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

滨海盐碱地泡田期灌排方式对土壤含盐量和水稻产量的影响

颜思彤1(), 朱济邹1, 张翔1, 汪璐璐1,2, 左博源1, 孟天瑶1,2, 陈英龙1, 戴其根1, 韦还和1,*()   

  1. 1江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学 水稻产业工程技术研究院/农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用（滨海盐碱地）重点实验室/国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心 华东中心/扬州大学 农学院，江苏 扬州 225009
    2扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室/扬州大学 农业科技发展研究院, 江苏 扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-18 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-09-11
  • 通讯作者: *006931@yzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:

    第一作者：yyan21559@gmail.com

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2023355);江苏省农业科技资助创新资金(CX(23)1020);江苏省高等学校基础科学（自然科学）研究重大项目(23KJA210004);扬州大学‘青蓝工程’项目

Effects of Irrigation and Drainage Methods During the Soaking Period on Soil Salinity and Rice Yield in Coastal Saline-Alkali Land

YAN Sitong1(), ZHU Jizou1, ZHANG Xiang1, WANG Lulu1,2, ZUO Boyuan1, MENG Tianyao1,2, CHEN Yinglong1, DAI Qigen1, WEI Huanhe1,*()   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology /Jiangsu co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University/Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/East China Branch of National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice/College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
    2Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Education and Yangzhou University /Institute of Agricultural Science and Technological Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
  • Received:2025-05-18 Published:2025-09-20 Online:2025-09-11
  • About author:

    1st author: yyan21559@gmail.com

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摘要：

在扬州大学农学院试验农场的盐池（包含轻度、中度和重度盐碱地三类土壤）中，以耐盐水稻品种南粳盐1号作为试验材料，于泡田期设置两种灌排处理（T1和T2），探究滨海盐碱地泡田期不同灌排方式对土壤含盐量以及水稻产量的影响。T1：将盐池内土壤翻地1次，24 h后灌溉3~4 cm水层，24 h后落干，12 h后再次灌溉3~4 cm水层，24 h后排水；循环2次。T2：将盐池内土壤翻地2次，48 h后灌溉3~4 cm水层，48 h后耙地5 cm，落干，12 h后再次灌溉3~4 cm水层，24 h后排水；循环3次。结果表明，轻度、中度和重度盐碱地土壤的脱盐率在T1处理下分别为20.3%、25.7%和34.5%，在T2处理下分别为24.5%、32.4%和42.4%。可见，两种灌排处理均具有较好的脱盐效果，且以T2处理的效果更佳。随着盐胁迫程度加重，水稻拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期的群体茎蘖数及茎蘖成穗率、叶面积指数和干物质量、有效穗数、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重及水稻产量均呈下降趋势，收获指数则呈增加趋势；与T1处理相比，T2处理提高了轻度、中度和重度盐碱地的水稻关键生育期的群体茎蘖数、茎蘖成穗率、叶面积指数和干物质量及水稻产量（产量增幅分别为1.2%、6.0%和9.1%）。与轻度盐碱地相比，中度和重度盐碱地的水稻产量降幅分别为17.4%和31.1%；本研究表明，合理的泡田期灌排方式有助于快速降低滨海盐碱地土壤的含盐量，进而提高水稻产量。

关键词: 滨海盐碱地, 灌排方式, 水稻, 产量

Abstract:

The experiment was carried out in the salt ponds (containing three types of soil: mild, moderate, and severe saline-alkali soil) at the experimental farm of the College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University. Using the salt-tolerant rice variety Nangengyan 1 as the experimental material, two irrigation and drainage treatments (T1 and T2) were set up to explore the impacts of different irrigation and drainage methods during the ponding period in coastal saline-alkali land on soil salinity and rice yield. T1: The soil in the salt ponds was plowed once; after 24 hours, a 3-4 cm water layer was irrigated; after another 24 hours, the field was allowed to dry; after 12 hours, a 3-4 cm water layer was irrigated again, and after 24 hours, the water was drained; this cycle was repeated twice. T2: The soil in the salt ponds was plowed twice; after 48 hours, a 3-4 cm water layer was irrigated; after another 48 hours, the field was harrowed to a depth of 5 cm and then allowed to dry; after 12 hours, a 3-4 cm water layer was irrigated again, and after 24 hours, the water was drained; this cycle was repeated three times. The results showed that the desalination rates of mild, moderate, and severe saline-alkali soils under T1 treatment were 20.3%, 25.7%, and 34.5% respectively; under T2 treatment, they were 24.5%, 32.4%, and 42.4% respectively. It can be seen that both irrigation and drainage treatments had good desalination effects, with T2 treatment showing a better effect. As the degree of salt stress increased, the population tiller number, tillering panicle rate, leaf area index, dry matter weight, effective panicle number, grains per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and yield of rice at the jointing, heading, and maturity stages showed a decreasing trend, while the harvest index showed an increasing trend. Compared with T1 treatment, T2 treatment increased the population tiller number, tillering panicle rate, leaf area index, dry matter weight and rice yields (with increases of 1.2%, 6.0%, and 9.1% respectively) at key growth stages under mild, moderate, and severe saline-alkali conditions. Compared with mild saline-alkali land, the reductions in rice yield under moderate and severe saline-alkali conditions were 17.4% and 31.1% respectively, mainly due to its positive effects on each component of rice yield. This study indicates that reasonable irrigation and drainage methods during the ponding period help to rapidly reduce soil salinity in coastal saline-alkali land and thereby increase rice yield.

Key words: coastal saline-alkali land, irrigation and drainage method, rice, grain yield

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