中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 100-104.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.05.016

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期秸秆还田下减氮增密对稻田土壤质量及水稻产量的影响

梁烜赫1(), 李善龙1, 赵鑫1, 王建新2, 李涛1, 辛雨薇1,3, 曹铁华1,*()   

  1. 1吉林省农业科学院（中国农业科技东北创新中心），长春 130033
    2吉林乐盈农业科技有限公司，吉林 农安 130200
    3吉林农业大学，长春 130033
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-09-11
  • 通讯作者: *caotiehua2002@163.com
  • 作者简介:

    第一作者：liangxuanhe_2004@163.com

  • 基金资助:
    吉林省重大科技专项(20230302008NC);吉林省科技发展计划人才专项(20240601084RC);吉林省科技发展计划优秀青年人才项目(20230508103RC)

Effects of Reducing Nitrogen and Increasing Density under Long-Term Straw Returning on Soil Quality and Rice Yield

LIANG Xuanhe1(), Li Shanlong1, ZHAO Xin1, WANG Jianxin2, LI Tao1, XIN Yuwei1,3, CAO Tiehua1,*()   

  1. 1Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China), Changchun 130033, China
    2Jilin Leying Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Nongan, Jilin 130200, China
    3Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130033, China

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摘要：

水稻秸秆还田是改良土壤、培肥地力和保护农田生态的有效措施，与化肥配施可协同提升土壤肥力与作物产量。以水稻品种吉粳81为试验材料，在长期秸秆还田定位试验基础上，系统比较了5种肥密处理对稻田土壤质量及水稻产量的影响。结果表明，长期秸秆还田显著改善了土壤理化性状，全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾及有机质含量较试验初始值大幅提升，土壤pH值呈下降趋势，综合质量显著提高；在不同处理中，T3（密度增加20%+常规施肥）和T5（密度增加20%+氮肥减少20%）处理表现出显著增产效应，其中T5处理在连续2年的试验中较T1处理（常规密度+常规施肥）分别增产17.88%和16.74%；T5处理氮肥农学利用率与偏生产力均高于其他4个处理。研究证实，在长期秸秆还田条件下，采用氮肥减量20%+密度增加20%的栽培模式（T5），能够有效平衡产量、经济与生态效益，实现水稻生产的增产增效与可持续发展。

关键词: 水稻, 秸秆还田, 减氮增密, 土壤质量, 产量

Abstract:

Rice straw returning is an effective strategy for soil amelioration, fertility enhancement, and agro-ecosystem conservation. Straw returning combined with chemical fertilizer application synergistically improves soil productivity and crop yields. Using Jigeng 81 as experimental material, we systematically compared the effects of five fertilizer-density treatments on paddy soil quality and rice yield under long-term straw returning through a positioning experiment. The results showed that prolonged straw returning significantly enhanced soil physicochemical properties. Compared with initial values, contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter increased substantially, while soil pH demonstrated a decreasing trend. These changes collectively indicated remarkable improvement in soil comprehensive quality. Among the five treatments, T3 treatment(20% increased density+conventional fertilization) and T5 treatment (20% increased density+20% reduced nitrogen) exhibited pronounced yield-increasing effects. Notably, T5 treatment achieved 17.88% and 16.74% higher yields than T1 treatment (normal density + conventional fertilization) across two consecutive years. T5 treatment demonstrated superior agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer compared to other treatments. This study demonstrated that under long-term straw returning, adopting a cultivation model combining 20% nitrogen reduction with 20% density increase (T5) could effectively balance yield, economic, and ecological benefits, thereby achieving increased yield, enhanced efficiency, and sustainable development in rice production.

Key words: rice, straw returning, reducing nitrogen and increasing density, soil quality, yield

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