中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 74-73.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.03.014

• 品种与技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

广东省近40年常规水稻审定品种特性分析

潘阳阳, 黄道强, 王重荣, 王志东, 李宏, 周德贵, 陈宜波, 赵雷, 龚蓉, 周少川()   

  1. 广东省农业科学院 水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/广东省水稻工程实验室，广州 510640
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-31 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-23
  • 通讯作者: 周少川
  • 基金资助:
    广东省农业科学院创新基金项目(202101);岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室重大科技研究专项“广适性丝苗型优质稻的分子设计育种体系研究与新品种创制”(NT2021001);广东省农业科学院新兴学科团队建设项目(202111TD);广东省重点实验室运行费(2020B1212060047)

Analysis on the Characteristics of Approved Conventional Rice Varieties in Guangdong Province in the Past 40 Years

PAN Yangyang, HUANG Daoqiang, WANG Chongrong, WANG Zhidong, LI Hong, ZHOU Degui, CHEN Yibo, ZHAO Lei, GONG Rong, ZHOU Shaochuan()   

  1. Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, China
  • Received:2022-10-31 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-23
  • Contact: ZHOU Shaochuan

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摘要：

广东省常规水稻育种具有辉煌的历史，近40年（1982—2021年）共通过审定359个常规稻品种。本研究将这40年分为8个时期，对各时期审定品种的特性进行统计分析。结果表明，平均单产由5 313.0 kg/hm2稳步提升至6 882.2 kg/hm2；平均株高逐渐增加，有效穗数明显下降，穗长和穗粒数明显提高，结实率和千粒重未明显改变；直链淀粉含量由26.1%下降至16.5%；审定品种总体优质率75.2%，近3年（2019—2021年）审定品种的优质率达85.2%，其中国标1级优质稻占比达39.5%；稻瘟病中抗及以上品种占比85.8%，白叶枯中抗及以上品种占比44.0%；通过审定的359个品种来源于406个亲本，其中有8个亲本直接衍生10个以上品种，黄广油占和五山丝苗分别衍生25个和21个品种，而这8个亲本均衍生自当前我国籼稻育种中重要骨干亲本丰八占；推广面积超过6.67万hm2的品种共55个，其中12个品种超过66.67万hm2，黄华占和双桂1号推广面积均在333.33万hm2以上。

关键词: 常规水稻, 优质稻, 审定品种, 品种特性, 广东省

Abstract:

The conventional rice breeding has a glorious history in Guangdong province. In the past 40 years (1982-2021) in Guangdong province, 359 conventional rice varieties have been approved. In this study, the 40 years were divided into 8 periods, and the characteristics of the varieties in each period were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the yield improved from 5 313.0 kg/hm2 to 6 882.2 kg/hm2. The average plant height of rice increased gradually, the average effective panicle number decreased significantly, the panicle length and the filled grains per panicle increased significantly, while the seed-setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were not markedly changed. The amylose content decreased from 26.1% to 16.5%, the overall high-quality rate of the approved varieties reached 75.2%, and the high-quality rate of the approved varieties in the past three years (2019—2021) reached 85.2%, of which the first-grade high-quality rice accounted for 39.5%. The proportion of varieties with medial and above resistant to rice blast and bacterial blight was 85.8% and 44.0%, respectively. The parentage analysis shower that the approved 359 varieties are derived from 406 parents, of which 8 parents directly derive more than 10 rice varieties, 25 and 21 varieties were generated from Huangguangyouzhan and Wushansimiao, respectively. The 8 parents are all derived from Fengbazhan, an important backbone parent in the indica rice breeding in China. There were 55 varieties with a promotion area of more than 66,700 hm2, of which 12 varieties were more than 666,700 hm2. Huanghuazhan and Shuanggui 1 had a promotion area of more than 3,333,300 hm2.

Key words: conventional rice, high-quality rice, variety approval, variety characters, Guangdong province

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