In October 2025, the First Rice Science and Technology Congress was held in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. With the theme of “Scientific and Technological Innovation in Rice and New Quality Productive Forces”, the congress organized six sub-forums, bringing together academicians, researchers, and industry representatives from across China to exchange insights and discuss strategic developments. Although China’s rice production capacity remains at a historically high level, the industry faces multiple challenges, including a slowdown in yield growth, persistent trade-offs between grain quality and high yield, frequent climate disasters and pest outbreaks, and increasing constraints on arable land and agricultural inputs. Digital technologies, particularly artificial intelligence, have emerged as new drivers for upgrading rice breeding and production systems. The conference facilitated in-depth discussions on fundamental theories, breeding technology, green cultivation practices, deep processing of rice products, regional industrial development, national-level science and technology platform construction, and advancements in scientific journals. It reviewed innovative achievements and practical models across the entire rice industry chain, systematically analyzed development trends for the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030), and clarified key priorities for scientific breakthroughs and industrial upgrading. The outcomes provide valuable references for advancing rice technological innovation, fostering new quality productive forces in agriculture, and ensuring national food security in China.

To clarify the comprehensive effects of a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mode (T) centered on technical measures including precision sowing, optimized planting density with reduced nitrogen input, furrow opening for yield enhancement, and winter plowing, a field experiment was conducted in Heshan District, Yiyang City, Hunan Province, in 2025. The experiment utilized early rice varieties Zhuliangyou 4024 and Zhongjiazao 17, along with late rice varieties Taiyou 398 and Taoyouxiangzhan. Using the local conventional cultivation mode as the control (CK), the study analyzed the effects of the two modes on grain yield and yield formation characteristics. The results showed that compared to CK, mode T significantly increased the yield of double-cropping rice, by 11.63% and 7.64% for early and late rice, respectively. Mode T primarily achieved this yield increase by enhancing the number of grains per panicle in early rice (increase of 20.03%) and the number of effective panicles in late rice (increase of 17.04%). Although there was no significant difference in the maximum tiller number between the two modes, the spike rate of mode T was significantly higher than that of CK, increasing by 9.35% and 21.45% for early and late rice, respectively. Furthermore, the total dry matter accumulation in mode T was significantly higher than that in CK, with the difference mainly attributed to the radiation use efficiency from heading to maturity. In conclusion, under conditions of reduced seed and nitrogen inputs, the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mode achieved increased yields in double-cropping rice by optimizing yield components, improving spike rates, and enhancing post-anthesis light utilization to boost dry matter accumulation.

Under the background of continuously shrinking cultivated land resources, increasing grain yield per unit area is a core pathway to ensuring national food security. Agricultural mechanization, serving as a crucial support for integrating high-standard farmland with optimized agronomic practices, plays a vital role in enhancing grain production capacity. Focusing on Jiangsu Province, this study systematically analyzed the contribution characteristics of mechanization to yield growth based on the dynamic changes in grain yield over the past five years. The results indicated that since the onset of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the contribution rate of yield increase to total grain production has continued to decline, highlighting an urgent need to unlock potential for further yield improvement. Field surveys reveal that key constraints include a weak foundation for farmland mechanization suitability, insufficient mechanization in critical production links, low integration of machinery and agronomy, inefficient social service systems, and a shortage of professional technical personnel. By examining typical practices in Northern, Central, and Southern Jiangsu, this paper summarizes development experiences centered on government guidance, entity-driven initiatives, machinery-agronomy adaptation, and smart upgrading. Consequently, an optimized pathway is proposed, emphasizing mechanization suitability transformation, the construction of a full-process mechanization system, collaborative technology integration demonstrations, diversified social service improvement, and modern agricultural talent cultivation. These findings provide references for promoting high-quality agricultural mechanization development and sustaining comprehensive grain production capacity in Jiangsu Province.

The southern rice region is a dominant area for double-cropping rice production in China, and the improvement of its green production efficiency has attracted widespread attention. Based on provincial panel data from 2003 to 2023, this study constructs an input-output indicator system that incorporates undesirable outputs. The DEA-SBM model is employed to measure the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of double-cropping rice in the region, and a multiple linear regression model is used to empirically analyze the influencing factors of GTFP, with robustness tests conducted. The results show that: (1) During the study period, the traditional total factor productivity (TFP) index was generally higher than the GTFP index. The annual average value of GTFP index was 1.010 4, indicating a gradual improvement in the GTFP of double-cropping rice in the southern rice region of China. (2) There were significant differences in the driving factors of GTFP growth among the ten provinces (autonomous regions) in the southern rice region of China. Specifically, GTFP growth in Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, and Hubei was driven by both green technological change (GTC) and green technical efficiency(GEC); Hunan, Guangxi, and Hainan relied mainly on GTC; while Guangdong, Jiangxi, and Yunnan were primarily driven by improvements in GEC. From the perspective of regional grain production and consumption characteristics, GTFP growth in major grain-producing areas followed a dual-driver pattern, major grain-consuming areas were driven by GTC, and grain-balanced areas depended on GEC. (3) Decomposition analysis of GTFP shows that under the “dual carbon” goals, the growth of GTFP in the southern rice region’s double-cropping rice sector was mainly attributed to GTC. (4) Agricultural economic development level, industrial structure index, and planting benefit level had significant positive effects on GTFP, whereas technological progress level and environmental regulation intensity exerted significant negative impacts.

The rapid development of intensive aquaculture ponds has led to severe phosphorus contamination of ambient water bodies. The integration of rice cultivation with aquaculture represents a crucial strategy for alleviating phosphorus pollution from such systems and enhancing nutrient recycling efficiency. This integrated approach holds considerable practical potential for implementation in South China. This study comprehensively analyzed the main sources of phosphorus load in aquaculture ponds, elaborated on physical, chemical, and biological phosphorus removal technologies, and systematically discussed the application potential of rice in phosphorus removal from aquaculture ponds along with its underlying mechanisms. Additionally, this study systematically prospected future research directions focusing on three core dimensions: selection and breeding optimization of dedicated rice varieties, optimization design of rice-fish integrated technologies, and in-depth analysis of ecological restoration mechanisms. These results will provide a good reference for the nutrient regulation in environmentally friendly rice-fish integration models.

Resistant starch (RS), as a novel type of slowly decompose starch and new dietary fiber, not only enhances satiety but also effectively helps prevent metabolic syndrome in patients with diabetes. In recent years, researchers have conducted extensive studies on the regulatory mechanisms underlying resistant starch synthesis in rice, achieving fruitful results in the identification of related genes and the genetic improvement of rice resistant starch content. Among these advances, precise regulation of RS content and optimization of its biosynthetic pathway through genetic approaches have emerged as core scientific issues for enhancing the nutritional value of rice. Based on this background, this paper systematically analyzes the biosynthetic mechanism of resistant starch, details the main technical methods for RS genetic improvement in rice, and summarizes key genes involved in the regulatory process. The aim is to provide theoretical basis and reference for the genetic improvement of functional rice, thereby advancing research on the genetic enhancement of resistant starch in rice to a new stage.

This study focused on paddy fields with different rice varieties and nitrogen application levels. Canopy hyperspectral data were collected during the tillering, jointing-booting, heading-flowering, and milk ripening stages using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne hyperspectral imaging system. A total of 18 spectral parameters, including 10 vegetation indices and 8 differential indices, were extracted and subjected to correlation analysis with rice yield. The eight spectral parameters with the highest correlations were selected as input variables for model construction. Subsequently, two machine learning algorithms, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and random forest (RF), were employed to construct rice yield prediction models for different growth stages, respectively. Results indicated significant differences in rice yield estimation performance across growth stages, ranked as follows: jointing-booting stage>heading-flowering stage>milk ripening stage>tillering stage. Among these, the jointing-booting and heading-flowering stages were identified as the optimal growth stages for yield estimation. At the jointing-booting stage, the PLSR model outperformed the RF model in prediction accuracy; conversely, at the heading-flowering stage, the RF model exhibited superior prediction accuracy compared to the PLSR model. Overall, the PLSR model performed best at the jointing-booting stage, achieving a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.856 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.970 t/hm² on the validation set.

Research on salt tolerance in rice is a crucial approach to addressing global soil salinization and ensuring food security. This paper systematically reviewed recent advances in rice salt tolerance research, including the screening and utilization of salt-tolerant germplasm resources, construction and analysised of genetic populations, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), cloning of salt-tolerance genes and elucidation of their molecular mechanisms, physiological regulation of salt tolerance, and investigation of related natural variation. Furthermore, we proposed that future efforts should focus on identifying major-effect salt-tolerance genes, deciphering their salt-tolerance regulatory networks, developing functional molecular markers, and breeding new rice varieties with superior comprehensive traits for saline environments. These advancements will provide a solid theoretical foundation and technical support for the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali lands and for global food security.

As the place of origin of fragrant soft rice, Yunnan Province possesses exceptionally rich germplasm resources of this rice type. Significant progress has been made in the exploration and utilization of these fragrant soft rice germplasm resources. This review focuses on several key aspects: the origin, distribution, and types of fragrant soft rice; the formation mechanisms, evaluation standards, and nutritional benefits of its eating and cooking quality; the main components, biosynthetic pathways, and genetic regulation of its fragrance; the impact mechanisms of non-biological stress on the formation of fragrance and eating quality; and the current research status regarding germplasm resource exploration and utilization. Furthermore, several perspectives for future breeding research are proposed in order to promote the research and development of fragrant soft rice.

Rice is China's primary staple food crop. Achieving its high and stable yields is not only a frontier topic of concern in academia, but also a core issue driving the transformation and upgrading of the rice industry. At the same time, reducing methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from paddy fields is crucial to China's pursuit of its “dual carbon” goals. Currently, China's food security still faces a severe “people-land-grain” contradiction. As valuable reserve land resources, the country possesses 2.34 million hectares of coastal tidal flats and 100 million hectares of inland saline-alkali land. Owing to its multiple functions of utilizing, ameliorating, and fertilizing soil, rice is often employed in saline-alkali land remediation. Therefore, systematically elucidating the characteristics of rice root systems under salt stress and their interaction mechanisms with yield formation and greenhouse gas emissions holds significant theoretical and practical value for developing green high-yield cultivation technologies for rice in saline-alkali soils. This review summarized the effects of salt stress on rice root morphology, structure, and physiological traits, clarifies how these traits influence yield formation and the processes governing CH₄ and N₂O emissions from paddy fields, discussed key technical pathways for synchronizing high yields and emission reductions in saline-alkali rice production, and outlines future research priorities. The aim is to provide a scientific basis for resolving the challenge of simultaneously achieving high rice yields and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in saline-alkali lands.

To elucidate the mitigation mechanisms of silicon (Si), selenium (Se), and their interaction on rice seedlings under chromium (Cr) stress, a pot soil culture experiment was conducted. The experiment used a treatment without applying Cr, Si, and Se as the control (CK). Under Cr stress (30 mg/kg), single treatments of Si and Se as well as a combined treatment were set up to thoroughly investigate the effects of Si and Se on the physiological and biochemical characteristics, element absorption, and Cr subcellular distribution in rice under Cr stress. The results showed that, compared with CK, the biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, soluble osmotic substance content, and mineral element (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Si, Se) content of rice seedlings decreased under Cr stress. In contrast, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (GR, SOD, CAT, POD), the contents of reactive oxygen species (MDA, H₂O₂), and the contents of redox substances (GSH, Pro) significantly increased. Under Cr stress, the application of either Se or Si could improve the aforementioned indicators, and the Se treatment exhibited a better effect than the Si treatment. Additionally, the application of Si and Se also reduced the Cr content in rice plants and altered the subcellular distribution ratio of Cr in rice roots. Specifically, it increased the distribution ratio of Cr in the cell wall and decreased the distribution ratios of Cr in the cell membrane, organelles, and cytoplasm. Moreover, the effect of Si was superior to that of Se in this regard. In summary, under Cr stress, Se demonstrated more prominent performance in improving plant physiological and biochemical characteristics and promoting mineral element absorption, while Si showed a better effect in inhibiting Cr uptake. The two elements exhibited a synergistic effect, resulting in a significant 72.18% reduction in plant Cr content compared to the treatment under Cr stress without applying Si and Se.

As people’s life quality continues to improve, the demand for rice with high nutritional value has been steadily increasing. Leveraging its unique advantages, colored rice has emerged as a new choice on people’s dining tables. However, issues such as its relatively weak resistance and low yield urgently need to be addressed. In this study, a potted experiment was conducted using Yuzihongye 1 and Yuhuangye 1 as the materials to thoroughly explore the effects of foliar spraying of different concentrations of anthocyanins (CK, 0 g/L; T1, 1 g/L; T2, 3 g/L) during the heading stage on the physiological characteristics and yield of colored rice. The results showed that compared with CK, under the T2 treatment, the SPAD values at the top, middle, and base of the first inverted leaf of colored rice all increased significantly, with increases of 7.63%, 4.95%, and 6.26%, respectively. Both T1 and T2 treatments not only enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in colored rice but also effectively reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Additionally, both T1 and T2 treatments significantly increased the yield of colored rice, with T2 treatment demonstrating the most prominent effect, resulting in yield increases of 12.99% and 8.17% for Yuzihongye 1 and Yuhuangye 1, respectively. This study confirmed that foliar spraying of anthocyanin solution during the heading stage of colored rice could effectively alleviate physiological stress faced by the plants by regulating their antioxidant system, thereby enhancing the responsiveness of the antioxidant enzyme system and ultimately increasing yield.

A four-year field split-plot experiment was conducted on the Jianghan Plain from 2019 to 2022 to investigate the effects of the interaction between tillage methods(no-tillage, reduced tillage, and conventional tillage) and planting densities (low, medium, and high) on rice yield and the dynamic changes of soil carbon and nitrogen. The results indicated that tillage methods had a significant effect on rice yield, as rice yields under no-tillage (NT) and reduced tillage (RT) increased by 22.56% and 13.95% respectively, compared to conventional tillage (CT). Moreover, this yield-increasing effect demonstrated good stability across different years, with insignificant variation. Additionally, the effect of the interaction between tillage methods and planting densities on the soil ammonium-to-nitrate ratio varied by year, with conservation tillage (NT and RT) exhibiting significantly stronger buffering capacity against changes in planting density compared to CT. After four years of consecutive cultivation, the soil soluble organic carbon content under all treatments generally showed a decreasing trend, with the magnitude of the decrease being CT>RT>NT, although the differences among treatments did not reach a significant level. The changes in soil organic nitrogen content were primarily influenced by tillage methods. Through principal component analysis (PCA) and Mantel test analysis, it was found that rice yield was positively correlated with soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen content, and the ammonium-to-nitrate ratio after harvest, while negatively correlated with the reduction in soil nitrogen. In conclusion, the combination of no-tillage or reduced tillage with medium planting density represents an effective management strategy for achieving high and stable rice yields and maintaining soil carbon and nitrogen balance on the Jianghan Plain.

Agricultural science and technology platforms are a core component of the agricultural science and technology innovation system and serve as crucial carriers for supporting agricultural scientific and technological innovation and ensuring the sustainable development of research institutions. Taking the construction of an all-chain modern rice breeding science and technology platform by the Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences as a case study, this paper systematically elaborates on the full-cycle construction path from the rice germplasm resource bank, breeding condition platform, and achievement pilot base to the achievement transformation and promotion platform. It further analyzes the key effectiveness of this platform in accelerating the breeding of new rice varieties, improving the efficiency of transforming scientific and technological achievements, and promoting the coordinated development of industrial chains. Meanwhile, addressing the bottleneck issues currently existing in platform construction, it proposes countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening the construction and management of modern rice breeding science and technology platforms, with the aim of providing theoretical references and practical insights for similar rice research institutions to efficiently advance the construction of such platforms.

To clarify the genetic diversity characteristics of dominant rice varieties in Jilin Province, this study used 66 dominant rice varieties approved in Jilin from 2020 to 2025 as experimental materials. By combining whole-genome 1.5K SNP chip technology with systematic agronomic trait evaluation, we systematically analyzed their genetic diversity level, japonica indica index, functional gene genotypes, and phenotypic traits. The results showed that a total of 3 703 valid SNP loci were detected using the 1.5K SNP chip, of which polymorphic loci accounted for 47.15%. The mean values of the gene diversity index (GD) and polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.183 and 0.152, respectively, indicating a relatively low level of polymorphism and a narrow genetic base. Analysis of japonica-indica lineage revealed that the japonica indica index of all varieties ranged from 0.770 to 1.000, with an average of 0.914, showing a typical japonica genetic background, while only a few varieties contained a small proportion of indica lineage. Functional gene analysis found that the tested varieties generally lacked favorable alleles of disease resistance genes such as Pi65, cold tolerance genes such as qCTB7, and quality-related genes such as Chalk5. Cluster analysis divided the 66 varieties into three groups, reflecting a genetic structure characterized by both intra-unit clustering and inter-unit mixed clustering. In terms of agronomic traits, recent dominant varieties have not achieved significant breakthroughs in yield or grain shape, and the proportion of late-maturing varieties has shown a downward trend. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for optimizing and adjusting the direction of rice variety breeding in Jilin Province.

Using the thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) donor Y58S and the restorer line Tefeng 2053 as parents, the two-line sterile line Xin 32061S was successfully developed through multi-generational selfing purification and directional selection. This sterile line is classified as a TGMS line, with a fertility transition critical temperature of approximately 23.5 ℃ and a stable sterile period lasting over 40 days. Xin 32061S exhibits excellent agronomic traits, including approximately 175 spikelets per panicle. It possesses well-developed stigma morphology, characterized by a surface area of 11.49 mm², a volume of 1.15 mm³, and a total exsertion rate of 68.5%. Furthermore, pollen round abortion is nearly absent, indicating high potential for outcrossing seed-setting. Genetic background analysis using gene chips revealed a high homozygosity rate of 99.43%. Genomic analysis indicated that Xin 32061S contains 14.42% japonica rice genetic components, representing a novel indica rice germplasm with a stable genetic background that integrates elite japonica genes. In addition to carrying the core TGMS gene tms5, this line aggregates multiple genes associated with superior traits. These include yield-related genes (Gn1a/OsCKX2, LSCHL4, GW8/OsSPL16), grain shape-related genes (GS3, OsCYP704A3), ideal plant architecture genes (D2/CYP90D2/SMG11, D61/OsBRI1), and resistance genes (LHCB5, Xa26/Xa3). Based on this sterile line, five hybrid rice combinations have been successfully developed. Among them, Xinliangyou 9328 and Xinliangyou 905 have passed the National Rice Variety Approval; meanwhile, Xinliangyou 6198, Xinliangyou 6112, and Xinliangyou Xiangzhan are currently undergoing regional and production trials in the Lower-Middle Yangtze River region and Henan Province, demonstrating broad application prospects.

In this study, 26 indica hybrid rice restorer lines were evaluated for cold tolerance at the seedling stage, and the strongly cold-tolerant restorer line R382 was identified. Using the widely cultivated but relatively cold-sensitive restorer line 9311 as a control, the physiological mechanisms underlying the cold tolerance of R382 at the seedling stage were revealed by comparing differences in cold-related physiological indices and low-temperature-responsive gene expression levels between R382 and 9311. Under identical growth conditions, changes in several physiological parameters of rice seedlings (leaves) of R382 and 9311 were systematically analyzed under both normal temperature and low-temperature stress, including levels of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant enzyme activities, relative electrolyte leakage, and the osmoprotectant proline content. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes catalase (OsCATB), iron-superoxide dismutase (OsFe-SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (OsAPX1) and the proline-rich protein gene OsPRP1 under low-temperature stress at the seedling stage. The results showed that after low-temperature treatment, the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme-coding genes in R382 were significantly higher than those in 9311, accompanied by stronger antioxidant enzyme activities, lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the toxic compound MDA, and a marked increase in intracellular proline content, along with lower relative electrolyte leakage. These combined physiological and molecular differences contribute to the stronger cold tolerance of R382 at the seedling stage.

Integrated rice-aquaculture farming is a typical green circular agricultural model that combines ecological restoration with economic benefits. With the iterative advancement of agricultural science and technology, traditional integrated rice-aquaculture systems are currently at a critical juncture of transitioning toward precision-oriented, digital-intelligent, and green development. From the perspective of fostering location-specific new quality productive forces in the integrated rice-aquaculture industry, this paper systematically reviews recent progress in green and efficient new quality technologies within the two core components of the system: rice cultivation and aquaculture. Special emphasis is placed on the breeding of dedicated new varieties adapted to rice-aquaculture environments, as well as the application status of emerging equipment and technologies—including precision rice sowing and transplanting, seedling growth monitoring, standardized aquaculture seed stock release, precision feeding, and intelligent harvesting. Future development directions are discussed, aiming to provide theoretical references and practical insights for promoting the green, efficient, and new quality development of the integrated rice-aquaculture industry.

Rice throwing (seedling broadcasting) has become one of the predominant simplified cultivation method in the southern rice cropping regions of China, wherein rapid seedling establishment is a critical determinant for achieving high and stable yields. This study reviewed the evolution of rice planting methods in China and comparatively analyzed the comprehensive advantages of rice throwing over manual transplanting, mechanical transplanting, and direct seeding. Focusing on three core aspects—centralized seedling raising and supply, seedling establishment regulation, and throwing operations—systematic experiments were conducted on substrate ratios, sowing rates, stacked tray germination, seedling management, field preparation, water layer control, as well as throwing height and angle. The results indicated that the optimal seedling quality was achieved when the nursery substrate was formulated with a loess-to-substrate volume ratio of 1∶1 to 2∶1, a bulk density maintained at 0.6-0.8 g/cm³, and a covering soil depth of 0.5 cm after sowing. For seed allocation per hole, 2-3 seeds for hybrid rice and 3-4 seeds for conventional rice effectively balanced seedling emergence rate with seedling quality. Furthermore, using hard bowl trays for stacked germination under conditions of 30 ℃-32 ℃ and 90.0% relative humidity significantly improved the uniformity of seedling emergence. For field throwing, the soil surface should be leveled and softened, with the water layer maintained at ≤3.3 cm. Maintaining the throwing angle above 30° under upward seedling- throwing conditions could significantly increase the proportion of upright seedlings. Depending on the planting scale, field conditions, and labor availability, farmers can opt for manual throwing, small backpack throwers, or large-scale ordered/air-blown transplanters. Additionally, this study clarified the suitable seedling ages for different stubble types, along with integrated techniques for seedling field management, field fertilization, irrigation, and pest control. Consequently, a complete technical system for centralized seedling raising and throwing was established, providing a technical reference for efficient and simplified rice production in double-cropping areas of southern China, particularly for special terrains such as hilly and low-lying fields.

Returning manure to cropland is an effective approach to simultaneously reduce chemical fertilizer use while improving its efficiency and promoting the resource utilization of livestock waste. A field experiment was conducted in Shanghang County, Southwest Fujian, to investigate the effects of substituting chemical fertilizers with pig slurry at different rates on soil nutrients, double-cropping rice yield, and plant nutrient uptake. Compared with farmers’ conventional fertilization (N 9.89 kg/667 m², P₂O₅ 0.00 kg/667 m², K₂O 6.00 kg/667 m², T1), the 100% pig slurry treatment (application rate: 7.06 t/667 m², containing N 9.89 kg/667 m², P₂O₅ 24.72 kg/667 m², K₂O 14.13 kg/667 m²) significantly increased early-season rice grain and straw yields by 5.78% and 32.35%, respectively. Plant height, number of productive panicles, grains per panicle, and seed setting rate increased by 3.69%, 15.24%, 4.81%, and 26.79%, respectively, and nitrogen uptake in rice grains was enhanced by 13.67%. The 200% pig slurry treatment (14.12 t/667 m², containing N 19.78 kg/667 m², P₂O₅ 49.45 kg/667 m², K₂O 28.26 kg/667 m²) increased late-season rice grain and straw yields by 6.21% and 44.07%, respectively. Plant height, number of productive panicles, and grains per panicle rose by 1.77%, 2.21%, and 12.33%, respectively, while nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake in rice grains increased by 22.22%, 5.00%, and 3.38%, respectively. Soil physicochemical properties were also markedly improved. In the 100% pig slurry treatment, bulk density, pH, total P, alkali-hydrolyzable N, and available P increased by 2.70%, 4.08%, 36.14%, 3.01%, and 127.06%, respectively, compared with T1 treatment. Corresponding increases in the 200% treatment were 2.70%, 7.55%, 75.90%, 16.10%, and 209.41%. These results provide a scientific basis for determining appropriate pig slurry substitution rates for chemical fertilizers and for promoting manure application in double-cropping rice systems.

The purity of seeds produced in three-line hybrid rice breeding is a critical factor influencing seed quality and planting efficiency. Based on years of practical experience in seed production, this study systematically analyzed the main factors leading to decreased purity in three-line hybrid rice seeds, including low parental seed purity, improper setup and management of isolation zones, foreign pollen contamination from scattered grains, mechanical mixing, and abnormal climatic conditions. On this basis, we review the current application status of seed purity assurance technologies, explored the underlying causes of low seed purity during production, and proposed comprehensive improvement strategies centered on purification and rejuvenation, intelligent impurity removal, and digital field management. The results showed that through the integrated application of key technologies—such as three-level purification and rejuvenation, molecular marker-assisted impurity detection, and four-dimensional pollination regulation—hybrid seed purity can be stably increased to above 99.0%, with seed yield improved by 15.0%-20.0%. This paper provides both theoretical foundations and practical approaches for promoting the standardization and industrial development of seed quality in three-line hybrid rice production.

The rice planting area in Neijiang City has remained stable at over 80 000.0 hm² annually, with a total output of approximately 670 000.0 t. In recent years, Neijiang has actively responded to national strategic initiatives, leveraging its regional geographic and climatic conditions, and taking Longchang County as the core production area to steadily promote the development of the ratoon rice industry, significantly improving resource utilization efficiency and economic benefits. This paper takes the ratoon rice industry in Neijiang City as research object, and on the basis of systematic reviewing its current development status, focuse on analyzing the connotative characteristics, operational mechanisms, and implementation outcomes of several typical new business models, including “leading enterprise+specialized cooperative+farmer”, “village collective economy+demonstration park+farmer”, “specialized cooperative+farmer” and “research institution+specialized cooperative+farmer”. It identifies existing issues in the industrialization process of ratoon rice, such as uneven regional adaptability, low standardization of cultivation and management techniques, insufficient integration of mechanization and agronomy, relatively loose interest linkage mechanisms, and limited industrial chain extension. Corresponding countermeasures are proposed from the perspectives of strengthening variety breeding and technology promotion, deepening the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomic practices, innovating and improving interest linkage mechanisms, extending the industrial chain and enhancing brand value, and reinforcing policy support and service guarantees. The aim is to promote high quality and sustainable development of the ratoon rice industry in Neijiang.