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Special Thesis & Basic Research
Overview of the Main Achievements in Rice Science and Technology Innovation of Guangdong Rice over the Past Century
WANG Feng
2024, 30(5): 1-9.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.001
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This article reviewed and briefly summarized the main achievements of the Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in rice science over the past century. In terms of rice germplasm resources, as the earliest institutions to conduct research on rice germplasm resources, the institute has collected more than 24 000 accessions of cultivated and wild rice germplasms, evaluated and screened a large number of excellent germplasm such as Waixuan 35, and created durable blast-resistant and high-quality breeding parents such as Sanhuangzhan 2, 28 Zhan, and Xiangsimiao 126 that have been widely used in the development of new varieties. In terms of rice breeding, the institute pioneered the hybrid breeding of cultivated rice and wild rice. Through artificial hybridization, it developed the first indica semi-dwarf rice variety Guangchangai, which was widely used in production, thereby opening up a new path for rice dwarf breeding. This led to the rapidly development of major varieties such as Zhenzhuai, Guangluai 4, Guichao 2, Shuanggui 36, and Teqing, and played a significant role in facilitating the First Green Revolution in agricultural history. As one of the earliest institutions to engage in indica high-quality rice breeding, it has successively developed high-quality new varieties such as Shuangzhuzhan, Huanghuazhan, Yuenongsimiao, Meixiangzhan 2, Taifengyou 208, etc., which are planted on a large scale. In hybrid rice breeding, the institute has created wild-abortive type and Honglian type three-line male sterile lines such as Tianfeng A, Wufeng A, Rongfeng A, Congguang 41A, Yuetai A, Yuefeng A, Taifeng A, and Guang 8A, with high combining ability and outcrossing rate, slender grain type and high grain quality. It has also developed temperature-and photoperiod-sensitive restorer lines such as Guanghui 3550, Guanghui 998, and Guanghui 122, which are widely used in hybrid rice breeding and production. The institute has led or collaborated in the development of 45 rice varieties (combinations) with a cumulative planting area exceeding 0.67 million hectares. In rice cultivation techniques, from the summarization of farmers’ high-yield rice cultivation experience, known as the “Chaoshan Experience”, in the 1950s—1960s, to the research on technical regulations for high-yield rice cultivation in the 1980s, the development of rice seedling-throwing technology in the 1990s, and the “three controls” nutrient management technology for rice in the 2000s, etc., the research and development of these cultivation techniques have achieved the integration of good varieties with good methods, playing an extremely important role in achieving high and stable rice grain yields and ensuring the national food security.

Effects of Hydrothermal Treatment and Other Physical Modification Methods for Rice Starch and Glycemic Index
YANG Xujian, KONG Leilei, LIANG Jiayan, HU Xiaodan, YANG Wu, BAI Song
2024, 30(5): 10-18.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.002
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This article introduced the classification and existing forms of rice starch, and reviewed the mechanisms on altering starch structure and components for influencing glycemic index (GI) level of rice starch by usual physical modification method--hydrothermal treatment, which includes heat moisture treatment, annealing and parboiling, analyzed the factors (components of raw material, temperature, duration, water content, treatment times etc.) affecting the effect of hydrothermal treatment and subsequent retrogradation process, and discussed the technical characteristics of new starch modification methods such as high static pressure, ultrasound and microwave treatments etc. Finally, the article pointed out that comprehensively utilizing the treatments of pressured parboiling, high static pressure, ultrasound and microwave to precisely control the process of starch transferring, rearrangement, gelatinization, retrogradation may be the trend for producing low GI food by physical modification in future.

Progress in the Establishment of Rice Leaf Morphology and Molecular Mechanism
JIA Bin, CHEN Ke, YE Chanjuan, GUO Jie, ZHOU Xinqiao, CHEN Dagang, LIU Juan, JIANG Shu, LIU Guanming, LIU Chuanguang
2024, 30(5): 19-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.003
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Rice leaf morphology is a key factor in determining the ideal plant shape. According to the “source-sink” theory, rice leaf morphology has an important impact on rice yield by influencing “source” flows such as photosynthetic efficiency. Among them, leaf size, leaf curl, and leaf inclination are the key agronomic traits that determine yield in overall plant and leaf shape. In recent years, many genes controlling leaf morphology have been cloned and characterized. The development of rice leaves can be divided into three distinct stages: formation of rice leaf primordia, establishment and maintenance of polarity, and leaf expansion. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology technology, the important functions of many key genes regulating rice leaf morphology have been elucidated. For example, the synergistic effect of PLA1 and PLA2 genes in cell division, the synergistic regulation of NAL1, NAL9, NRL1, NRL2 and other genes in leaf vein development, the fine regulation of the cellular structure of thick-walled tissues by SLL1 and SRL2 genes, and the polarity transport and distribution of phytohormones by OsPIN1 and OsWOX3A genes collectively constitute a complex regulatory network of leaf morphology in rice. Together, these genes constitute the cornerstone of the complex regulatory network of leaf morphology in rice, providing important clues for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of leaf morphology development in crops. The study of the molecular mechanisms affecting rice leaf morphology is of great biological significance for the realization of high and stable yield of rice using the “source-sink” theory.

Advance in Cloning and Molecular Mechanism of Drought Tolerance Related Functional Genes in Rice
HAN Mingzhen, WANG Jing, ZHAO Junliang, ZHOU Lingyan, MA Yamei
2024, 30(5): 30-40.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.004
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With the global warming and population growth, the increase of agricultural water and the decrease of available fresh water resources, rice production is facing severe challenges of resources and environment. Among many environmental stresses, drought stress is one of the main factor affecting agricultural production, which seriously harms the yield and quality of rice. With the rapid development of molecular biotechnology, the genes, quantitative trait loci and functional genes related to drought stress are constantly being explored. In this paper, the progress of identification, cloning, molecular mechanisms of drought resistance related QTLs in rice were summarized, and aim to provide valuable information for the further study and molecular breeding of drought resistance in rice.

Research Progress and Prospect of Low Temperature Germinability in Rice
ZHOU Xu, YANG Tifeng, LIU Zupei, ZHOU Lian
2024, 30(5): 41-48.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.005
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Low temperature germinability is an indispensable trait for rice to adapt to extreme weather, especially for direct seeding of rice. This article reviewed the research progress on evaluation methods, physiological mechanism, molecular cloning and genetic breeding of rice low temperature germination in recent years, and proposed research trends and prospects. In the evaluation of rice low temperature germination, 13 ℃-15 ℃ is often used as the test temperature and the germination rate on the 10th day of low temperature germination is used as the evaluation index. More than 100 QTLs related to rice low temperature germination have been identified by mapping cloning and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), but only 4 target genes have been cloned, and there is little research on the molecular mechanism. At present, rice varieties with strong low-temperature germination ability are mainly selected from cultivated varieties. The study of physiological and molecular mechanisms of low temperature germination in rice will be helpful to improve the evaluation of low temperature germination and its breeding application.

A Method of Rice Seed Classification Based on Deep Learning
WANG Xiaofei, LIU Wei, WU Haoxiang, CHEN Hao, Zhang Liting, PAN Zhaoyang, HE Xiuying
2024, 30(5): 49-56.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.006
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Rice is an important cereal crops, and its seed quality, especially its purity, directly affects the yield and quality of rice. Traditional seed classification methods mainly rely on artificial vision, which is inefficient and has a high error rate. In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of rice seed classification, a method of rice seed classification based on deep learning was proposed. In this study, a dataset containing 80,000 rice seed images of five different rice varieties was self-captured and constructed. The method first used convolutional neural network(CNN) to extract features from rice seed images, and then used self-built RiceFastNet to classify the extracted features. The results showed that this method still achieved a classification accuracy of over 96% when identifying rice seeds of different varieties with high appearance similarity, which is superior to traditional seed classification methods. The new method established in this study has the potential and advantages in improving the accuracy of rice seed detection.

Analysis of the Differences in Starch Structure and Properties between the Main Rice and Ratooning Rice under the Same Temperature Conditions
KUANG Na, LIU Zhixuan, ZOU Dan, LUO Youyi, ZHAO Zhenghong, WANG Lifeng, TANG Qiyuan
2024, 30(5): 57-61.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.007
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A pot experiment was conducted with indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 4149 as the material in high temperature and suitable temperature groups, in order to explore the differences in starch structure and properties of rice between the main rice and ratooning rice under the same temperature conditions. The results showed that the total starch content and amylopectin content of rice in the ratooning rice were significantly higher in both the high temperature group and the suitable temperature group than in the main rice. Compared with the main rice, the starch grains were arranged more tightly, with higher orderliness and lower crystallinity and maximum peak intensity. The peak viscosity, minimum viscosity, final viscosity and disintegration value of starch in the ratooning rice increased significantly in both the high temperature group and the suitable temperature group, while the attenuation value decreased. Under the same conditions, “ratooning” is beneficial for the accumulation and arrangement of rice starch, and weakening its crystal structure, improving its paste properties.

Construction and QTL Analysis of Yield Traits of Gaozhou Wild Rice Chromosome Segment Introgression Lines Targeted at Breeding
HUO Xing, LIU Wuge, LIU Dilin, LIAO Yilong, FU Chongyun, ZHU Manshan, LI Jinhua, ZENG Xueqin, MA Xiaozhi, KONG Le, WANG Feng
2024, 30(5): 62-66.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.008
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Wild rice is a valuable gene pool for rice breeding, but its high genomic heterozygosity and significant differences from cultivated rice pose challenges for directly utilizing wild rice in breeding. Constructing chromosome segment introgression lines provides an effective technical approach to access and utilize wild rice genetic resources. We selected 100 introgression lines using Gaozhou wild rice as the donor and japonica rice variety Zhonghua 11 as the recipient, through multi-generational hybridization and self-crossing with breeding target traits as the screening criteria and examined the yield traits (number of effective panicles per plant, total filled grains per plant, thousand-grain weight, average filled grain number per panicle, and grain yield per plant) of these 100 lines, found that at least one trait was superior to the control variety Zhonghua 11, demonstrating the potential for yield improvement. The introgression lines had a whole-genome coverage of 46.9% and identified 20 yield-related QTLs. These segment introgression lines represent a new type of germplasm resource derived from Gaozhou wild rice and provide a reserve for promoting innovation in rice germplasm from wild rice.

Comparison of Head Mill Rice Rate (HMRR) and Selection of High HMRR Varieties for 357 Indica Rice Planted in Different Seasons in Double Cropping Area of South China
CHEN Luo, LI Xuezhong, XIE Guowei, YANG Tifeng, YANG Wu, ZHAO Junliang, WANG Feng, ZHOU Lingyan, DONG Jingfang
2024, 30(5): 67-71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.009
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The head mill rice rate is one of the important traits that determine the commodity value of rice, and it is of great significance to screen varieties with high head mill rice rate planted in different environments. This study compared the head mill rice rate of 357 indica rice germplasm planted at the Dafeng Experimental Base of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2021 to 2023. It was found that the head mill rice rate was the highest in the late season of 2021, followed by the early season of 2022, and the worst in the early season of 2023. Among them, 17 long grain indica rice varieties, including Taifeng B, 19 Xiang, Guanghui 6200, Yuehuangsimiao, Huaxinzhan and Xiangxuesimiao, all achieved the high-quality rice standard of GB/T 17891—2017 in 3 planting seasons, making them suitable for breeding high head mill rice rate varieties.

Effects of Leaf Spraying with Cadmium Inhibitor on Rice Yield and Cadmium Absorption
LIAO Jiahui, PAN Ning, LU Chusheng, LAI Huai, MENG Xiangliang, CAI Haoyang, WANG Junjiang, WANG Xinyu, YIN Yuanhong, YE Qunhuan, CHENG Xiong, FU Youqiang
2024, 30(5): 72-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.010
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Cadmium(Cd) is an important heavy metal that endangers food security. In order to reduce the contents of Cd in rice grains, preventing rice from absorbing and transporting Cd is of great significance. This study took the high-quality indica rice variety Meixiangzhan 2, which had the largest planting area in South China, as the experimental material. Four treatments were set up: healthy soil + spraying water(T1), cadmium contaminated soil + spraying water(T2), cadmium contaminated soil+ spraying low concentration cadmium inhibitor(800-fold liquid) (T3), and cadmium contaminated soil+ spraying high concentration cadmium inhibitor (300-fold liquid)(T4). The effects of spraying different concentrations of cadmium inhibitor on rice yield, photosynthesis, and cadmium absorption were explored. The results showed that spraying cadmium inhibitors could significantly increase rice yield and biomass. Compared with T2 treatment, T3 and T4 treatments increased rice yield by 81.70% and 48.57%, respectively, and increased rice biomass by 53.14% and 24.32%, respectively. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate increased by 9.72%, 42.76%, 7.30%, and 17.05%, respectively, in T3 treatment, but decreased no significantly in T4 treatment, compared with T2 treatment. There was no significant difference in Cd absorption between all parts of T3 treatment and T2 treatment, among them, the Cd contents in plump grains reduced by 33.11%, but the proportion of grain Cd in the total Cd absorption significantly decreased by 31.77%. This indicated that spraying 800-fold liquid of cadmium inhibitor on rice leaves could enhance photosynthesis, increase biomass, reduce Cd transport to grains, and increase grain yield.

Identification of Favorable Genes and Breeding Utilization of Introgression Line Guihui 1561 Originated from Oryza minuta
QI Jingang, LI Xiaoqiong, LIU Kaiqiang, CHEN Ying, WANG Xiaojiao, ZHAO Libing, GUO Sibin
2024, 30(5): 76-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.011
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Exploring beneficial genes from wild rice for genetic improvement of cultivated rice is a hot topic in current rice breeding research. Guihui 1561, an introgression line originated from Oryza minuta, was obtained by distant hybridization. Through agronomic trait examination, combining ability determination, and rice planthopper resistance identification, we confirmed that Guihui 1561 has large grain (32.2 g), long panicle (28.3 cm), high quality, good combining ability, and resistance to both brown planthopper (resistance level 2.5) and white back planthopper (resistance level 2.9). It has high breeding value. Subsequently, the beneficial genes from Guihui 1561 were mapped, and linkage molecular markers for four major genes, PL9, GS12, Bph31(t), and Wbph9(t), were developed, using the recombinant inbred lines and near-isogenic lines constructed from Gui 1025/Guihui 1561. The beneficial genes of Guihui 1561 were introduced into multiple backbone parents using molecular marker-assisted breeding technology, and 9 new high quality and multi-resistance restorer lines were created. Furthermore, 11 dominant hybrid rice combinations were bred using Guihui 1561 and its derivative lines as restorer lines, among which Huazheyou 1561 and Hanyou 711 have been approved by the Crop Variety Certification Committee of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Analysis of Characteristics and Genes of Quality Traits of Hybrid Rice Main Sterile Lines in South China
XIONG Liang, CAO Huasheng, WANG Fujun, GU Haiyong, LI Shuguang, HE Gao, LIANG Shihu, LUO Wenyong
2024, 30(5): 84-89.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.012
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The three-line sterile lines bred and promoted in Guangdong and Guangxi are divided into three types: high-yield type (early stage), high-quality type (mid stage), and high-quality and high-yield type (late stage). High yield type sterile lines include Bo A, Y huanong A, Tianfeng A, Wufeng A, etc. High quality type sterile lines include Yuefeng A, Yexiang A, Taifeng A and Guang 8A, etc. High quality and high yield type sterile lines include Gui A, Xianghe A, Gengxiang A, etc. The quality traits of three types of sterile lines were analysed and the quality genes of different sterile lines were detected by PARMS-SNP detection technology in order to improve quality rice breeding. The results showed that, most high yield sterile lines have the following characteristics: amylose content between 22.4% and 26.9%, the grain ratio of length to width≤3.0, the level of transparency≥2, and carry unfavorable quality genes such as ALK, Chalk5, Wx-a, GS3, etc. High quality sterile lines have the following characteristics: amylose content between 12.0% and 18.0%, the grain ratio of length to width between 3.6 and 4.3, gel consistency ≥62 mm, the level of transparency≤2, and processing high quality genes such as Wx-b, fgr, GW5, GL7, GW8, etc. High quality and high yield sterile lines have the following characteristics: the amylose content between 13.0% and 16.0%, the grain ratio of length to width between 3.3 and 3.6, gel consistency ≥60 mm, chalkiness between 0 and 1.5%, possessing high quality genes Wx-b and GW5 and high yield.

Effects of Rice Planting Coverage on Grain Yield and Pond Water Quality under Rice-Fish Co-culture System
LI Meijuan, WU Yuli, HU Xiangyu, WANG Xinyu, CAO Ming, LIANG Kaiming, YE Qunhuan, YIN Yuanhong, HU Rui, PAN Junfeng, FU Youqiang, ZHONG Xuhua, LIUYanzhuo , JIANG Zhiyong
2024, 30(5): 90-95.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.013
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Rice-fish co-culture system is an agricultural model that utilizes water resources for dual purposes, which is beneficial for stabilizing aquaculture while increasing grain production. The effects of different rice planting coverage rate (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) on grain yield and water quality were investigated for high-quality indica rice varieties Yuexiang 430 and Wushansimiao in fish ponds for breeding Australian freshwater lobsters. The aim is to provide scientific basis for optimizing rice-fish co-culture technology, improving production and efficiency of rice and fish. Concurrently, 30 rice varieties (with a planting coverage rate of about 37.1%) were used as experimental materials to screen rice varieties in fish ponds for breeding largemouth black bass. The results indicated that the rice yield of the treatments with 50% and 75% rice planting coverage was significantly higher than that of the treatment with 25% coverage. Specifically, Yuexiang 430 achieved the highest yield at 50% coverage, while Wushansimiao peaked at 75% coverage. The rice-crayfish co-culture led to significantly lower concentrations of NO3--N, NH4+-N, NO2--N, COD, and BOD of pond water while compared to the 0% coverage. Similarly, the concentration of TOC of pond water exhibited the same trend during the early growth stages of rice, while pH value and dissolved oxygen levels have no significant difference during the rice growth period. Additionally, the rice varieties such as Huahang 48, Shuanghuangzhan, Qingxiangyousimiao, Yuexiang 430, Taifengyou 208, and Wushansimiao demonstrated superior performance with grain yields exceeding 5.50 t/hm2 in rice-planting and largemouth bass co-culture system. In summary, a rice planting coverage rate of 50% under the rice-shrimp symbiotic mode has a relatively stable rice yield and a purifying effect on aquaculture water quality, making it more suitable for rice production in fishponds culturing Australian freshwater crayfish.

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield and Taste of High Quality Rice and Appropriate Nitrogen Application Amount in South China
ZHANG Lanlan, LIU Dilin, MA Xiaozhi, HUO Xing, KONG Le, LIU Wuge, WANG Feng
2024, 30(5): 96-102.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.014
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A major challenge faced by high quality rice production is how to increase rice yield without affecting rice quality. This study used 4 common high quality simiao rice varieties and 1 high quality bybrid variety Taifengyou 208 from South China as test materials. In the early and late rice seasons of 2021, an experiment was conducted on the same field in Guangzhou with different nitrogen application rates(N0, 0 kg/hm2; N1, 90 kg/hm2; N2, 135 kg/hm2; N3, 180 kg/hm2). The results showed that the yield of high-quality rice in South China was influenced by five factors, including variety, season, nitrogen application rate, variety×nitrogen application rate interaction effect, and season×variety×nitrogen application rate interaction effect. However, the taste value of rice was only affected by variety and nitrogen application rate. In the early season, there were significant differences in rice yield among varieties under the same nitrogen treatment, but no significant differences in taste value. In the late season, there were significant differences in rice yield among varieties under N1, N2, N3 treatments, while there were significant differences in taste value among varieties under only N3 treatment. The nitrogen application rate is significantly positively correlated with rice yield, with correlation coefficients of 0.977 and 0.950 for the early and late seasons, respectively. The nitrogen application rate is significantly negative correlated with taste value, with correlation coefficients of -0.972 and -0.956 for the early and late seasons, respectively. Based on the experimental results, a suitable nitrogen application rate was proposed to maintain high yield and excellent taste of high-quality rice in South China.

Effects of Different Irrigation Water Rate on Rice Yield and Water Use Efficiency
CAI Haoyang, HAN Menghong, CHEN Junlin, LU Chusheng, WANG Junjiang, LIAO Jiahui, LU Zhanhua, LIANG Kaiming, YIN Yuanhong, YE Qunhuan, FU Youqiang, CHENG Xiong
2024, 30(5): 103-106.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.015
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Water-saving irrigation is an important measure to improve water use efficiency and efficient rice production. The effects of four different irrigation water amounts on the yield, biomass, and water grain production efficiency of the widely planted rice variety Yuehesimiao were studied by pot experiment in Southern China. The results showed that with the decrease of irrigation water rate, the number of grains per panicle of rice decreased gradually, and the seed setting rate increased gradually, and the rice yield first increased and then decreased. Compared with CK (long-term flooding irrigation, 38.6 L/pot), T2 treatment (88.6% of long-term flooding irrigation water rate) increased rice yield by 14.55%, T4 treatment (36.8% of long-term flooding irrigation water rate) decreased rice yield by 45.28%, but there was no significant difference in T3 treatment (62.4% of long-term flooding irrigation water rate), indicating that reducing irrigation water consumption by 37.6% does not affect rice yield. Compared with CK, the biomass of T4 treatment significantly decreased by 50.84%, while was no significant difference in T2 and T3 treatments. Among the four treatments, the water grain production efficiency was the highest in T3 treatment, significantly increased by 62.38% compared to CK. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, reducing irrigation water consumption by 37.6% does not result in a decrease in rice yield, and the water grain production efficiency is the highest.

Current Status and Development Suggestions for Guangdong’s Food Security under the Situation of High-Quality Development
CHEN Rongbin, PAN Junfeng, HE Xiuying, TU Congyong, LI Jianxiong, LIU Wanqing
2024, 30(5): 107-113.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.016
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Guangdong is a strong economy and a large population province. Ensuring food security plays an important role in promoting high-quality development of the social economy. From our survey and statistical data analysis, we discovered several problems in the grain production of Guangdong Province: low self-sufficiency of grain supply, reduction in planting area and yield level, uneven development in various cities, low economic benefit and labor force aging. These problems pose a serious threat to Guangdong’s food security and high-quality development of agriculture. Three strategies for improving Guangdong's grain production are suggested. Firstly, a province-level strategy for industrial upgrading program in grain production should be developed and a comprehensive management department for grain production should be established. Development goals and implementation should be planned and deployed on a basis of whole industrial chain. Secondly, the capacity in major production areas should be further consolidated and strengthened, and the potential gap in other backward areas be filled. Grain production, with rice in particular, should be prioritized in agriculture. The rice planting area should be stabilized and the planting area of all grain crops be increased. The grain production in prefectures with lower yielding level should be prioritized and enhanced. Thirdly, precise policies should formulated and implemented to achieve coordination between the government’s requirement for food security and farmers' demand for benefits, including harvesting more grains in the fields with improved land use, enhancing grain yield with advanced technology, implementing multiple-measure policy for balanced production, prizing farmers with reasonable subsidies and supporting new-type agricultural entities.

Current Situation of High Quality Conventional Rice Breeding in Guangxi from 2016 to 2023 and Development Straitegy
LI Hu, WU Zishuai, LIU Guanglin, CHEN Chuanhua, LUO Qunchang
2024, 30(5): 114-118.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.017
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After analyzing the main traits and industrial development situation of conventional rice varieties approved in Guangxi from 2016 to 2023, it is believed that Guangxi’s high quality conventional rice varieties have problems such as low resistance to rice blast, poor coordination of rice quality indicators, lack of major effect genes, serious homogenization, lagging breeding of low cadmium varieties, and low sales and transfer prices. Additionally, there is insufficient research and promotion of supporting cultivation techniques. Proposed solutions to the existing problems in the breeding and industry of high quality conventional rice in Guangxi, such as strengthening molecular breeding, improving variety quality and resistance to rice blast, accelerating the selection of cadmium-low-accumulation varieties, increasing the promotion of high-quality rice varieties, researching and promoting supporting high-yield cultivation techniques, and creating a high-end brand.

Varieties & Technology
Breeding and Thinking of Songya 7, a New Rice Variety of “Double Season with Same Variety”
LIU Licheng, MIN Jun, LI Yongchao, LIU Sanxiong, HU Min, PAN Xiaowu, TANG Shanjun, WANG Zhengqing
2024, 30(5): 119-122.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.018
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The“double-season with same variety” is a breeding idea proposed by the author based on the consumption demand and early and late rice production situation in Hunan Province. It means that in the same rice area in Hunan Province, the same variety is “double-approved” for early and late rice, and the total growth period of the two seasons does not exceeds 220.0 days, and the total yield of the two seasons exceeds 1 000 kg/667 m2, the quality of early rice reaches the Ministry of Agriculture’s high-quality level 3 or above, and the quality of late rice reaches the Ministry of Agriculture’s high-quality level 2 or above. The new rice variety Songya 7, developed based on this, has the characteristics of compact plant type, thick stem, tolerance to dense planting, and strong resistance to low temperature and low oxygen during the germination stage. It is suitable for early and late double-cropping rice in Hunan Province, with good rice quality, high and stable yield, and suitable for light and simple cultivation such as machine transplanting and direct seeding. It was approved as early and late rice in Hunan Province in 2023 and 2024, respectively. This article introduced the breeding process and characteristics of Songya 7, as well as the concept of “double-season with same variety”, the breeding ideas and specific requirements, discussed the significance of the “double-season with same variety” production model in rice production.

Breeding and Application of a Long-grain Inbred Fragrant Rice Variety Songya 77 with High Quality
PAN Xiaowu, MIN Jun, SHENG Xinnian, LI Xiaoxiang, LIU Licheng, LIU Wenqiang, DONG Zheng, GUO Liang, CHEN Zuwu, HU Min
2024, 30(5): 123-125.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.019
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Songya 77 is a long-grain fragrant rice variety developed by Hunan Rice Research Institute through systematic breeding, with Yuzhenxiang as the female parent and Xiangyaxiangzhan as the male parent. This variety has the characteristics of suitable growth period, compact plant architecture, moderate plant height, fine quality, high and stable yield. It was registered in 2024 by Hunan Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee. This paper introduced the breeding process, characteristics, important alleles and key cultivation techniques of Songya 77.

Characteristics of Hybrid Rice Combination Derived from Sterile Line Fengtian1A and Breeding and Application of New Hybrid Rice Combination Fengtianyou 1999
XIA Zhoufan, LI Dongxiu, HUANG Bing, XIA Zhifan, LUO Bin, LIANG Manling, HUANG Yunchuan, SU Xuejun, WEI Yu
2024, 30(5): 126-128.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.020
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In response to the problem of high yield but poor quality and weak resistance of hybrid rice in the South China, a cytoplasmic male sterile line Fengtian 1A with slender grain shape, fine quality and good taste was bred by creating fine quality parents with high combining ability. By the end of 2021, 14 weak-photosensitive high-quality hybrid rice combinations have been bred using Fengtian 1A, 13 combinations of which have meet the ministerial high-quality standard of grade 3 or above, and 1 combination has been recognized as green super rice, achieving a coordinated improvement in high yield, high quality, and resistance of hybrid rice. Fengtianyou 1999 is a new hybrid rice combination with high-quality and weak-photosensitivity derived from the male sterile line Fengtian 1A and the restorer line R1999. It was registered and released to commercial production by the Guangxi Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2019 and passed the introduction record of Guangdong Province in the same year. It has become the main combination of weak-photosensitive hybrid rice.

Breeding of High Quality Rice Huangsiyuezhan
WANG Zhidong, ZHOU Shaochuan, CHEN Yibo, LI Hong, HUANG Daoqiang, ZHOU Degui, ZHAO Lei, GONG Rong, PAN Yangyang, ZHOU Jingbo, WANG Chongrong
2024, 30(5): 129-132.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.021
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In the dual background of ensuring food security and increasing consumer demands for rice quality, in order to cultivate high-yield, high-quality, and widely adaptable varieties, guided by the theory of core germplasm breeding, the author combined traditional pedigree methods, molecular marker assisted selection techniques, and the use of advanced equipment for identification, has bred a new high-quality rice variety Huangsiyuezhan, which is classified as a first-class rice by Agricultural ministry standard(NY/T 83—2017). Huangsiyuezhan has shown ideal plant type, high yield, wide adaptability, resistance to rice blast disease, and excellent taste quality in experiments conducted in different years and regional trial, achieving effective aggregation of excellent genes such as high yield, high quality, and disease resistance. In 2023, Huangsiyuezhan was approved by the Guangdong Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee. Huangsiyuezhan is suitable for early and late rice cultivation in rice growing areas outside northern Guangdong, and has great potential for promotion.

Breeding and Application of Salt-tolerant Rice Variety Guanghong 3
ZHANG Qiang, JIANG Yijun, LIN Qingshan, YU Ning, WEI Juan, GAO Yun, LIU Zhixia
2024, 30(5): 133-135.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.022
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Guanghong 3 is a conventional indica red rice variety developed by the Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, with Jinguihuazhan as the female parent and Guanghong 1 as the male parent. It has the characteristics of high and stable yield, as well as salt alkali tolerance. It was approved by the Guangdong Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2015, and approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2020. The hybrid rice combinations Shenliangyouhong 3, Liangyouhong 3, and Yingliangyouhong 3, which were bred using Guanghong 3 as the male parent, have been approved by the Guangdong Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2019 and 2021, respectively. The article introduced the breeding process, main characteristics, cultivation techniques, and breeding utilization of Guanghong 3.

Local Rice
Exploration and Practice of a New Model for Experiment Base Construction——A Case Study of the Experiment Base of the Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
LI Jianxiong, CHEN Jianyou, TU Congyong, ZHU Susu, JIANG Yuanhan, HE Wenjie, CHEN Rongbin, HE Xiuying
2024, 30(5): 136-140.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.023
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The agricultural experimental base is not only the basic guarantee for the stable development of agricultural scientific research activities, but also an important window for agricultural scientific and technological innovation, serving agriculture, rural areas, and farmer, and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Taking the construction of the experimental base of the Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences as an example, this paper analyzed the current status, effectiveness, and existing problems of the experimental base management. The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences is taking the construction of the Guangdong Province Crop Modern Seed Industry Park as a focal point, exploring a new construction model of “core technology + industry integration + practical scenarios + demonstration and promotion”. Through improving and upgrading facilities and equipment, extending the industrial chain, strengthening intelligent construction, and enhancing the construction of the base management team, to improve the service quality and efficiency of the experimental base, thereby promoting the high-quality development of the rice industry in Guangdong.