Abstract:

Traditional methods of rice seedling-raising and transplanting in China suffer from high consumption of human and material resources and low efficiency. With the advancement of technology, intelligent and unmanned agricultural technologies have become increasingly prevalent, effectively reducing the human and material resources required for agricultural production and significantly enhancing productivity. This article provides a comprehensive review of the development, the current research status, and application cases of intelligent and unmanned rice seedling-raising and transplanting technologies. It also delves into the challenges and issues faced by these technologies and looks ahead to their future development trends. In the seedling-raising and transplanting process, intelligent seedling production lines and key agronomic techniques are combined with unmanned transplanters. These transplanters are equipped with satellite positioning and automatic navigation systems. They can achieve intelligent seedling raising and fully unmanned transplanting operations, thereby improving work efficiency to some extent. In fertilization and pesticide spraying operations, using unmanned aerial vehicle can enhance fertilizer utilization and effectively reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. However, there are still shortcomings in the accuracy, practicality, and stability of these intelligent and unmanned technologies, which necessitate ongoing optimization and improvement of these technologies.

Key words: rice, intelligent, unmanned, sowing seeds, seedling-raising, machine-transplanting, substrate

摘要：

我国传统水稻育插秧方式存在人力与物力消耗大、作业效率低等诸多问题。随着科技的飞速发展，智能化与无人化技术在农业领域的应用日益广泛，这些技术的应用有效降低了农业生产中的人力与物力投入，显著提高了生产效率。本文综述了水稻智能化无人化育插秧技术的发展历程、研究进展以及实际应用案例，深入剖析了该技术在发展过程中所面临的挑战与问题，并展望了其未来发展方向与趋势。在育插秧环节，借助智能化育秧流水线与关键育秧农艺技术，以及无人驾驶插秧机结合卫星定位、自动导航等技术，可实现智能化育秧与全程无人化插秧作业，在一定程度上大幅提升了工作效率；在施肥喷药作业中，运用无人机进行作业可以提高肥料利用率，同时有效减少病虫害发生。然而，目前智能化无人化技术在精确度、实用性和稳定性等方面仍存在一些不足，亟待持续优化改进，以更好地推动该技术在农业领域的广泛应用。

关键词: 水稻, 智能化, 无人化, 播种, 育秧, 机插, 基质