水稻在我国已有近万年的栽培历史，水稻品种在我国稻文化和水稻科技发展过程中占有重要地位。长时间来，通过自然和人工选择，农民们培养、积累了诸多的品种。新中国成立后，党和政府将水稻科技尤其是品种的研发摆在了突出的位置，即使在文化大革命时期都未曾放松，使得我国水稻品种出现三次重大突破：矮秆化、杂交稻、超级稻，为我国水稻产量的大幅度提升提供了最重要的基础。文章介绍了我国从古代到现代品种选育取得的成就，及在当时推广面积较大的一些水稻品种。

Rice cultivation in China has nearly ten thousand years of history. Rice varieties occupys an important position in the development of rice sci-techniques and China’s rice culture. For a long time, the farmers bred and accumulated many rice varieties by  natural and artificial selection. After the establishment of new China, the party and the government attach great importance to the research and development of rice sci-techniques especially in varieties breeding, and not stopped even in the “cultural revolution”.  Therefore, Chinese rice varieties appeared three important breakthrough:short-stalked variety, hybrid rice, super hybrid rice, and provide the most important contribution to enhance China’s rice production. The article summarized the cultural factors and  achievements of rice breeding from ancient to modern times, and some varieties of larger spread area at the time.