以两优培九、Y两优1号、玉香油占和黄华占为材料，研究了施氮量对华南双季超级稻产量和干物质生产的影响。结果表明，施氮量对产量、有效穗数、每穗粒数和总颖花数的影响达显著水平，对结实率和千粒重的影响不显著，2011年N2（225 kg/hm2）条件下的产量显著高于N1（112.5 kg/hm2），早、晚稻增幅分别为6.33%~13.39%和11.53%~25.06%，而2012年N1（161~176 kg/hm2）和N2之间的产量差异不显著；与N0相比，增施氮肥可以显著增加干物质量，提高作物生长速率，但2012年N1和N2之间差异不显著。2年各品种N1的氮肥利用率要高于N2，其中氮肥偏生产力达到显著水平。因此，华南双季稻区早、晚稻在施氮量为161~176 kg/hm2的条件下分别种植生育期较长和生育期较短的超级稻品种，可以在足够穗数的基础上增加每穗粒数或穗重并积累较多的干物质，从而有利于产量和氮肥利用率的提高。
谢小兵1, 蒋鹏1, 2 3, 黄敏1*, 曹放波1, 周雪峰1, 张瑞春1, 陈佳娜1, 伍丹丹1, 邹应斌1
. 施氮量对华南双季超级稻产量和干物质生产的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2015
, 21(4)
: 163
-169
.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.04.037
In order to study the effect of nitrogen rate on grain yield and dry matter for double cropping super rice in South China, field experiments were conducted with Liangyoupeijiu, Yliangyou 1, Yuxiangyouzhan and Huanghuazhan as materials. The results showed that there was significant difference in effective panicles, grains per spike, spikelets per m2 and grain yield, however, there was no significant difference in grain filling rate and 1000-grain weight. Compared with N1 treatment, the grain yield of early rice and late rice cultivars in N2 treatment were significantly increased by 6.33%~13.39% and 11.53%~25.06% in 2011, respectively, but were no significant difference in 2012. On average, the highest or higher grain yield were attained by Y Liangyou 1 and Yuxiangyouzhan in early rice and late rice, respectively, and compared to late rice, the yield of early rice were increased by 4.58%~33.94%. Furthermore, the effective panicles had the highest contribution to grain yield, then grains per panicle. Compared with N0 , increased nitrogen rate would significantly improve dry matter and crop growth rate, but there was no significant difference between N1 and N2 in 2012. However, the N-use efficiency of N1 was higher than N2 for all cultivars in two years, and there was significant difference in partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen （PEP）. Therefore, in nitrogen rate of 161~176 kg/hm2, the adoption of long and short growth period super rice cultivars as early rice and late rice , respectively, would improve grain yield and N-use efficiency due to increasing grains per panicle or panicle weight and dry matter based on enough effective panicles in South China.
[1] 陈友订，万邦惠，张旭. 华南双季超级稻产量构成模式探讨[J]. 作物学报，2005，31（3）：323-329.
[2] 焦艳平，陈阜，唐衡，等. 我国主要农作区粮食产量贡献率分析[J]. 作物杂志，2006（1）：17-20.
[3] 林青山，江奕君. 华南生态区超级稻育种的主要成就及未来发展趋势[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报，2007，38（5）：732-738.
[4] 刘怀珍，黄庆，陆秀明，等. 密肥水平对超级杂交早稻产量的影响[J].农业科技通讯，2009（11）：36-40.
[5] 舒时富，郑天翔，贾兴娜，等. 氮肥和密度对精量穴直播水稻的影响Ⅰ——产量形成特性[J]. 中国农学通报，2009，25（21）：142-146.
[6] 刘怀珍，黄庆，陆秀明，等. 施氮量和插植密度对超级杂交晚稻天优998产量的影响[J]. 杂交水稻，2010，25（1）：44-47.
[7] 莫钊文，李武，段美洋，等. 减氮对华南早晚兼用型水稻产量、品质及氮吸收利用的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报：自然科学版，2014，42（9）：83-90.
[8] 陆秀明，黄庆，刘怀珍，等. 机插超级稻在不同施肥水平和不同插植密度下的生育特性及产量表现[J]. 中国农学通报，2014，30（21）：152-157.
[9] 邹应斌，周上游，唐启源. 中国超级杂交水稻超高产栽培研究的现状与展望[J]. 中国农业科技导报，2003，5（1）：31-35.
[10] 彭少兵，黄见良，钟旭华，等. 提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略[J]. 中国农业科学，2002，35（9）：1 095-1 103.
[11] Huang J L, He F, Cui K H, et al. Determination of optimal nitrogen rate for rice varieties using a chlorophyll meter[J]. Field Crops Res, 2008, 105: 70-80.
[12] 张卫峰，马林，黄高强，等. 中国氮肥发展、贡献和挑战[J]. 中国农业科学，2013，46（15）：3161-3171.
[13] 秦钟，章家恩，李逸勉，等. 中国南方籼稻生产区的化肥利用效率及脱钩研究[J]. 农业现代化研究，2013，34（5）：602-607.
[14] 莫钊文，李武，段美洋，等. 减氮对华南早晚兼用型水稻源库特性的影响及其机理[J]. 华北农学报，2013，28（5）：206-212.
[15] 黄庆，江奕君，林青山，等. 华南超级常规稻配套高产栽培技术[J]. 广东农业科学，2009，（3）：13-16.
[16] 唐湘如，黎国喜，钟克友，等. 双季超级稻强源活库优米栽培技术研究Ⅴ——双季超级稻强源活库优米栽培的理论与技术[J]. 杂交水稻，2010，25（3）：74-78.
[17] Huang M, Yang C L, Ji Q M, et al. Tillering responses of rice to plant density and nitrogen rate in a subtropical environment of Southern China[J]. Field Crops Res, 2013, 149: 187-192.
[18] 凌启鸿.作物群体质量[M]. 上海：上海科学技术出版社，2000.
