以牡丹江32及牡响1号为材料，研究了在不同肥料、栽插密度和插秧株数条件下，水稻群体指标中叶面积指数、茎鞘干物质量、总干物质量在不同时期的表现，及对水稻产量性状的影响。结果表明，从不同时期叶面积指数与产量所呈的抛物线关系推断，水稻在灌浆期最适叶面积指数最小，较易达到，此时期叶面积指数过大反而会使产量降低，成熟期最适叶面积指数虽较小但因叶片衰老，亦难以达到；在产量性状中，叶面积指数与有效穗数极显著正相关，而对每穗实粒数、千粒重有一定的降低作用，是产量不随叶面积指数无限增大的原因；茎鞘干物质量、总干物质量与产量、有效穗数极显著正相关，不同时期相关性不同；研究还发现，在整个生育期叶面积指数、茎鞘干物质量、总干物质量之间极显著正相关，干物质量与叶面积指数之间的相关性在成熟期最小，总干物质量与茎鞘干物质量的相关性在灌浆期最小。不同时期叶面积指数、茎鞘干物质量、总干物质量变异系数差异较大，说明应分时期确定叶面积指数、茎鞘干物质量、总干物质量与产量的关系；在水稻群体的变化过程中千粒重变异最小，每穗粒数次之，二者是较稳定的性状，产量与有效穗数的变异较大。

Effects of fertilizer, transplanting density and planting density on rice yield and leaf area index, stem dry weight and total dry weight of different growth stage were studied using rice variety Mudanjiang 32 and Muxiang 1 as experimental materials. The results showed as follows: the relationships between yields and leaf area index were different at different growth stage. The optimum leaf area index of the grain-filling stage was smallest and fulfilled easily, which would caused yield decreasing when the leaf area index was too big in this stage, and the optimum leaf area index of the mature stage was also small, which was hard to reach because of leaf senescence; among the yield components, leaf area index was significantly positive correlation with the number of panicle, while was negative correlation with the grain number per panicle and 1 000-grain weight, which could be the reason for yield limited improvement with the increase of leaf area index; the stem dry weight and plant total dry weight were also significantly positively correlation with the yield and the number of panicle, but the correlations of different stages were not the same. The study also found that the leaf area index, stem dry weight and total weight in the whole growth were significant positive correlated, and the correlation between total dry weight and leaf area index was smallest in the mature stage, the correlation between total dry weight and stem dry weight was smallest in the grain-filling stage; the differences of the variation coefficient of leaf area index, stem dry weight and total dry weight of different growth stage were obvious, which indicated that we should determine the relations between yield and leaf area index, stem dry weight and the total dry weight according to the different growth stage; the variation of 1 000-grain weight was the smallest and grain number per panicle was the second, while the variation of yield and the number of panicle were bigger.