以武运粳23号为材料，研究比较了优化肥水管理和常规肥水管理对直播稻产量形成与群体质量的影响。结果表明，在获得适宜穗数的基础上，优化肥水管理增加了直播稻的每穗总粒数和千粒重，平均实产达619.5 kg/667 m2，比常规肥水管理增产44.5 kg/667m2，增幅达7.74%；优化肥水管理通过合理的水肥管理，控制主茎低位分蘖发生和促进中位分蘖成穗，降低了高峰苗数，提高了成穗率，促进了壮秆大穗和抽穗后干物质积累，显著提高了直播稻产量。

Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of two kinds of fertilizer and water management mode on yield formation and population quality in direct-sowing rice, using Wuyunjing 23 as material. The results showed that: （1） On the basis of access to appropriate panicle number, the grain number per panicle and grain weight increased under optimized management of fertilizer and water. The average yield achieve 619.5 kg/667 m2 by optimized management, increasing 44.5 kg/667 m2 and 7.74 percent compared with the conventional management of fertilizer and water. （2） Through reasonable management of water and fertilizer, optimized management controls the occurrence of low tiller on main stem, boosts median tiller becoming panicle, reduces the peak seedlings, improves the spike rate, promotes strong stalk and big spike, increases dry matter accumulation after heading, and significantly increases the yield of direct-sowing rice.