真核生物中同源异形盒基因是指共含一个保守的DNA序列的基因，即同源异形盒。该序列长180bp，编码含有60个左右氨基酸的同源异形盒结构域，编码一大类具有转录特征蛋白的基因家族，对于维持生物个体形态建成、生殖发育、非生物胁迫等基本生命活动功能具有十分重要的作用。近年来在模式植物拟南芥、水稻上已经识别并克隆出越来越多的同源异形盒基因，并根据这些基因的同源异型框和具有的其他保守基因结构域对其进行了正确的分类。本文基于人们对植物中现有这些基因的认识，重点综述了近年来对于水稻同源异型盒基因的分类、基因结构类比、各同源异型盒基因突变体功能，并对水稻中同源异形盒基因功能和应用研究进行了展望。

Eucaryon homeobox genes contain a conserved 180 bp long DNA sequence termed as homeobox, which encodes about 60 amino acid long DNA-binding domain termed as homeodomain. Homeobox genes as the plant transcription factors play an important role in morphological development, reproductive development and abiotic stress response. In recent years, several homeobox genes have been identified and cloned in the some model plant, such as Arabidopsis, Oryza sativa, and classified into different subfamilies, based on the amino acid sequence of HD（homeodomain） and other conserved intron-exon structure. Based on existing understanding of homeobox genes in plants, this article reviewed homeobox genes classification, structure and the mutations functions in recent years and also prospected the function and applied research of rice homeobox genes in Oryza sativa.