直播稻面积在黑龙江省逐年增加，为了解水直播栽培技术对寒地粳稻产量和品质的影响，笔者对黑龙江省水直播面积最大的虎林市和抚远县进行了试验调查。结果表明，水直播对寒地粳稻穗部结构的影响因品种而异，对金禾1号的穗长、一次枝梗数和二次枝梗数影响较小，对龙粳31号的穗长、一次枝梗数和二次枝梗数影响较大；在水直播栽培条件下，金禾1号和龙粳31号的产量可达7.78 t/hm2和8.73 t/hm2，但仍极显著低于插秧栽培，这主要与水直播稻千粒重显著降低有关；金禾1号和龙粳31号的精米率、整精米率和蛋白质含量表现出水直播的低于插秧，而直链淀粉含量要高于插秧，但两种栽培方式间的差异均未达显著水平；金禾1号的垩白粒率和垩白度表现为水直播显著低于插秧，而龙粳31号的垩白粒率和垩白度在两种栽培方式间差异不显著；金禾1号和龙粳31号的食味评分两种栽培方式间的差异也未达显著水平。

Direct seeding rice has been expanding in Heilongjiang Province year by year. In order to understand the effects of water direct seeding cultivation techniques on yield and quality of rice in cold area, Hulin City and Fuyuan County, two larger water direct seeding rice producer of Heilongjiang Province were investigated. The results showed that the effect of water direct seeding on panicle length, primary branch number and secondary branch number of Jinhe 1 were less than Longjing 31. The yield of Jinhe 1 and Longjing 31 reached 7.78 t/hm2 and 8.73 t/hm2 under water direct seeding, respectively, significantly lower than transplanted rice. The low yield of water direct seeding was due to the signficant decreased in grain weight. The milled rice rate, head rice rate and protein content of Jinhe 1 and Longjing 31 of water direct seeding rice were lower than transplanted rice. The amylose content was higher than transplanted rice, but the difference were not significant. The chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree of Jinhe 1 under water direct seeding were significantly lower than transplanted rice. The chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree of Longjing 31 were not significant among different cultivation methods. The taste score of two varieties in two cultivation methods were also not significant.