在西南稻区的四川省、云南省、贵州省和重庆市实施了水稻农民习惯施肥技术与空白试验（不施肥）对比试验。结果表明，农民习惯施肥技术具有如下不足：一是水稻投入产出率低；二是肥料利用率低；三是大面积水稻产量不高，单产仅520.9 kg/667 m2；四是水稻生产穗数不足。针对上述问题，笔者从提高水稻产量角度出发，提出了相应的施肥对策。

A field experiment with two fertilizer treatments, farmers fertilization technology and zero-fertilizer control was conducted in Sichuan Province, Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province and Chongqing Municipality. The results showed that farmers fertilization technology has the following disadvantages: input and output ratio of hybrid rice and fertilizer use efficiency are low； rice yield is low in large area, which was less than 520.9 kg/667 m2, was mainly due to low panicle number per m2. The fertilizer strategy for improving rice grain yield based on current problems in rice productivity in Southwest China were proposed in this paper.