对D优3138在2011-2013年3年区试和生产试验的产量及产量构成要素进行了相关分析和通径分析。结果表明，D优3138的千粒重的稳定性最大，对产量的直接贡献最小；有效穗数的稳定性次之，对产量的直接贡献最大；每穗实粒数的波动性比较大；这3个产量构成要素对产量的直接通径系数均未达显著水平。在实际生产中要挖掘D优3138的高产潜力，关键是要加大基本苗数，提高有效穗数，同时兼顾结实率、提高每穗实粒数和千粒重，协调好产量构成要素三者之间的关系，最终实现大穗、足穗，保证高产能力。

The correlation analysis and path analysis were carried out on the yield and yield components of D you 3138 in regional test and production test from 2011 to 2013. The results showed that 1 000 grain weight has the maximum stability and minimum direct contribution to yield; the effective panicle number has medium stability and maximum direct contribution to yield; the fluctuation of grain number per panicle is relatively large; the direct path coefficients of the three yield components to yield did not reach the significant level. In actual production to reach high yield potential, the key is increase the number of basic seedling, improve the effective panicle number, take account of seed setting rate, grain number per panicle and 1 000 grain weight, coordinating the relationship of three yield components, finally could achieve big panicle, enough panicle, and ensure the high production capacity.