以水稻品种准两优527和Ⅱ优162为材料，研究了开花期水分胁迫对其生长和稻米品质的影响。结果表明，水分胁迫下，千粒重和结实率显著下降，导致单株产量降低，同时株高降低、叶面积减小、叶绿素含量降低；水分胁迫后，稻米的整精米率降低，垩白度和垩白粒率上升，蛋白质含量增加，直链淀粉含量下降，其中，整精米率受到的影响最大。因此，水稻开花期田间保持适宜的水分极其重要。

The effects of water stress on growth and grain quality of rice varieties were studied in this paper, using zhunliangyou 527 and Ⅱyou 162 as materials. The results showed that under water stress condition, the 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate were decreased significantly, which lead to the reduction of yield, and the plant height, leaf area and SPAD value were also decreased. After water stress, the chalkiness degree, chalky rice rate and protein content were increased, the amylose content was decreased, and the head rice rate was significantly decreased. Therefore, it is extremely important to maintain suitable water managementin the flowering stage of rice.