专论与研究

不同施肥方式对不同密度下直播稻的产量及群体光合物质生产的影响

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网络出版日期: 2017-07-20

基金资助

农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102;201303129);国家重点基础研究发展计划(“973”计划)(2013CB835205);云南省科技惠民专项(2016RA001);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300506)

Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Yield and Photosynthetic Material Production of Direct Seeding Rice at Different Densities

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Online published: 2017-07-20

摘要

以常规粳稻品种云粳41为试验材料,采用两因素裂区设计,研究不同密度下水稻一次性施用控释肥和分次施用尿素对直播稻产量及其构成因素、群体光合物质生产的影响,并探讨了不同施肥方式对不同密度下直播稻的产量性状和产量之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)不同施肥方式下,密度相同时,分次施肥的处理比控释肥一次性基施的处理和不施肥对照增产,产量随着施氮量的增加而增加,分次施肥处理的产量显著高于控释肥一次性基施的处理;在相同氮肥条件下,直播稻产量随着直播密度的增加而降低,以基本苗2万/667 m2的处理产量最高,6万/667 m2的处理产量居中,10万/667 m2的处理产量最低。(2)在施用控释肥的处理中,密度相同时,增加施氮量能够显著提高直播稻的有效穗数和每穗颖花数;施氮量相同时,单位面积有效穗数随密度的增加而提高,每穗颖花数刚好相反。单位面积颖花量和实际产量之间呈极显著正相关关系。在形成适宜穗数的基础上提高每穗颖花量,从而增加单位面积的颖花量是提高直播稻产量的主要途径。(3)当密度相同时,抽穗至成熟期总干物质积累量、群体生长率、群体叶面积和总颖花数都随着施氮量的增加而提高。本试验中,以精确定量栽培技术为核心的分次施肥A1RPQ4处理的群体结构优于其他处理,群体茎蘖消长动态最为平稳,抽穗期至成熟期的总干物质积累量、颖花/叶比和粒质量/叶比最大,产量最高,达到875.14 kg/667 m2。

本文引用格式

邓安凤1,杨从党1*,陈清华2,施云2,陈跃楷2,李丛英2, 徐世林2,毛桂祥2,李贵勇1,夏琼梅1,朱海平1 . 不同施肥方式对不同密度下直播稻的产量及群体光合物质生产的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2017 , 23(4) : 123 -129 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2017.04.025

Abstract

A split plot design with two factors was used to study the effects of different densities and fertilization method on Yield and its components and photosynthetic matter accumulation, using conventional japonica rice variety Yungeng 41 as material. The results showed that:(1) Under the different fertilization methods, in the same density, the yields were increased with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer, the yields of split fertilization were significantly higher than that of controlled release fertilization and the control; at the same N level, the yields were decreased with the increasing of density. (2)Under the controlled release fertilization, in the same density, the effective panicles and grains per panicle were increased with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer significantly; at the same N level, the effective panicles were increased with the increasing of density, but the grains per panicle were opposite. There are significantly positive relationship between spikelet number per unit area and the yield. Increasing the spikelets per panicle based on suitable panicle number, thus could increase the spikelet number per unit area, which is the main way to improve rice yield.(3) In the same density, the total dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, the population growth rate, leaf areas and total spikelets were increased with the amount of nitrogen. In this paper, the population structure of A1RPQ4 treatment was better than the other treatments, it had stable dynamics of tillers, higher total dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, higher spikelet/leaf ratio, grain weight/leaf ratio, and the yield reached 875.14 kg/667 m2.

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