专论与研究

缓释氮肥与尿素配施对高原机插籼稻产量与生长特性的影响

展开
  • 1云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,昆明 650205;2 云南省德宏州芒市农业技术推广中心,云南 芒市 678400

网络出版日期: 2017-07-20

Effects of Combined Application of Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Urea on Yield and Growth Characters of Machine Transplanting Indica Rice in Plateau Areas

Expand

Online published: 2017-07-20

摘要

为了明确高原地区机插籼稻缓释氮肥与尿素配施的最佳比例,以川谷优7329为材料,在施氮量为150 kg/hm2和105 kg/hm2水平下,研究了4种缓释氮肥与尿素配施比例(10∶0,7∶3,5∶5,3∶7)对机插籼稻产量与生长特性的影响。结果表明,不同施氮量间水稻产量差异不显著, 缓释氮肥与尿素配施水稻产量由高到低为5∶5>10∶0>7∶3>3∶7。在相同比例下增加施氮量可以增加机插籼稻抽穗期高效叶片的长度,提高茎蘖数和抽穗期叶面积指数,但降低了氮肥农学利用效率和粒叶比。尿素所占比例越高成穗率越低,5∶5的处理水稻表观输出率和氮肥农学利用效率最高。高原地区机插籼稻最佳氮肥施用量为105 kg/hm2,缓释氮肥与普通尿素配施比例为5∶5。

本文引用格式

龙瑞平1,朱丽芬2,赵丽娟2,李贵勇1,夏琼梅1,朱海平1,帕三石2,尹娇2,邓安凤1,杨从党1* . 缓释氮肥与尿素配施对高原机插籼稻产量与生长特性的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2017 , 23(4) : 130 -134 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2017.04.026

Abstract

In order to conform the optimal proportion of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea combined application of machine transplanting indica rice in plateau areas, using Chuanguyou 7329 as the material, the effects of the different proportion (10∶0, 7∶3, 5∶5 and 3∶7) on yield and growth characters of machine transplanting indica rice were studied under nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm2 and 105 kg/hm2. The results showed that the yield of rice under different nitrogen application rate were not significant. According to the proportion of the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and urea combined application, the yield of machine transplanting indica rice was 5∶5>10∶0>7∶3>3∶7. The increase of nitrogen application rate could increased the high effective leaf length in heading stage and improved the rice tiller number and leaf area index of heading stage, but decreased the agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and grain-leaf ratio at heading stage under the same proportion. In the different proportion of facilities, the higher the proportion of urea was, the lower the spike rate was. When the proportion is 5∶5, the apparent export percentage and agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of rice was higher. The apporopriate application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 105 kg/hm2, and the best proportion of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and common urea was 5∶5.

参考文献

[1] 彭长青,李世峰,卞新民,等. 机插水稻高产栽培关键技术的适宜值[J]. 应用生态学报,2006,17(9):1 619-1 623. [2] 钟飞,王正春. 直播稻主要生育特点及高产栽培技术[J]. 大麦与谷类科学,2008(4):31-34. [3] 颜凤亚, 陈洁. 抛秧水稻生育特点与高产高效栽培技术[J]. 北方水稻, 2013, 43(6):44-47. [4] 丁华萍,陈斌,吉训风,等. 氮肥运筹对机插水稻产量、效益及肥料利用率的影响[J]. 中国稻米,2014,20(1):92-93. [5] 邢晓鸣,李小春,丁艳锋,等. 缓控释肥组配对机插常规粳稻群体物质生产和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2015,48(24):4 892-4 902. [6] 彭玉,孙永健,蒋明金,等. 不同水分条件下缓/控释氮肥对水稻干物质量和氮素吸收、运转及分配的影响[J]. 作物学报,2014,40(5):859-870. [7] 田小海,马国辉,杨令芝,等. 缓释氮肥对超级杂交稻后期生长与生理功能的影响[J]. 杂交水稻, 2010,25(5):64-69. [8] Yu P, Sun Y J, Jiang M J, et al. Effects of water management and slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on biomass and nitrogen accumulation, translocation, and distribution in rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(5): 859-870. [9] 唐拴虎,谢春生,孙小文,等. 水稻施用控释肥料生长效应研究[J]. 中国农学通报,2004,20(1):149-151. [10] 符建荣. 控释氮肥对水稻的增产效应及提高肥料利用率的研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(2):145-152. [11] 张玉凤,董亮,于淑芳,等. 控释掺混尿素对大白菜产量、品质及土壤硝态氮的影响[J]. 土壤,2013,45(1):177-180. [12] 陈贤友,吴良欢,韩科峰,等. 包膜尿素和普通尿素不同掺混比例对水稻产量与氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):918-923. [13] 袁嫚嫚,叶舒娅,刘枫,等. 树脂包膜尿素对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 中国农业气象,2011(S1):83-87. [14] 王海月,李玥,孙永健,等. 不同施氮水平下缓释氮肥配施对机插稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2017, 31(1):50-64. [15] 付月君,王昌全,李冰,等. 控释氮肥与尿素配施对单季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 土壤,2016,48(4):648-652. [16] 文云书. 杂交稻旱育秧密度与施肥对提高成穗率的探讨[J]. 耕作与栽培,2000(3):18-19. [17] Azeem B, Kushaari K Z, Man Z B, et al. Review on materials & methods to produce controlled release coated urea fertilizer[J]. J Controll Release, 2014, 181(1): 11-21. [18] 凌启鸿.作物群体质量[M]. 上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000:44-107. [19] 李刚华,张国发,陈功磊,等. 超高产常规粳稻宁粳1号和宁粳3号群体特征及对氮的响应[J]. 作物学报,2009,35(6):1 106 - 1 114. [20] 张洪程,吴桂成,吴文革,等. 水稻“精苗稳前、控蘖优中、大穗强后”超高产定量化栽培模式[J]. 中国农业科学,2010,43(13): 2 645-2 660.
文章导航

/

浙ICP备05004719号-16
公安备案号:33010302003356
版权所有 © 《中国稻米》编辑部
地址:浙江省杭州市富阳区水稻所路28号 邮编:311400 电话:0571-63370271, 63370368 E-mail:zgdm@163.com
本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发