为了明确生育后期氮肥用量对寒地水稻产量和品质性状的影响，利用多蘖轻穗型品种空育131和少蘖重穗型品种龙粳21为材料，设置3个用氮水平及4个基蘖肥与穗粒肥用氮比例，研究了基蘖肥与穗粒肥用氮比例对寒地水稻产量和品质性状的影响。结果表明，随着施氮量的增加，2个品种的产量有所升高，但不同施氮量间差异不显著；空育131的基蘖肥与穗粒肥施用比例为8∶2时产量最高，而龙粳21在7∶3时产量最高。空育131获得高产的原因是群体穗数增多，而龙粳21是每穗粒数增加，从而使群体颖花量增加，产量增加。全生育期用氮总量增加使2个品种的整精米率显著提高、蛋白质含量明显上升，而使精米白度降低，淀粉糊化特性变劣。中低用氮水平间在出糙率、精米白度、直链淀粉和食味评分等米质指标上差异不明显。生育后期穗粒肥用氮比例提高使2个品种的整精米率、蛋白质含量显著增加，而使精米白度降低，淀粉糊化特性变差，对直链淀粉含量影响不大。因此，寒地水稻生产栽培管理中，在适宜的氮肥用量（<138 kg/hm2）前提下，控制一定的穗粒肥用氮比例（<30%），可以实现高产优质水稻生产。

In order to clarify the effects of nitrogen fertilizer amount on rice yield and quality trait in cold region, the two main cultivated rice cultivars were used in this study, and the nitrogen was applied as the base-tiller, spike-grain nitrogen application ratio of 10∶0, 8∶2, 7∶3, 5∶5 at three N levels as 115, 138, 161 kg/hm2. The results showed that yield of the two varieties ascended with applying nitrogen amount increased, but difference of yield was not significant between different nitrogen applications. It was the highest yield for more tillers and lighter panicle variety Kongyu 131 that the base-tiller and spike-grain nitrogen application ratio were 8∶2. The main reason was that the panicles number increased in the population. It was the highest yield for less tillers and heavier panicle variety Longjing 21 that the base-tiller and spike-grain nitrogen application ratio were 7∶3. The main reason was that grain number per panicle and the higher number of total spikelets increased in the population. During the whole growth period, increasement of total nitrogen made the head rice percentage, protein content increased obviously, whiteness decreased, and starch gelatinization worse for two rice varieties. There was no obvious difference for the rice quality indexes such as roughness, whiteness, amylose content between the middle level and low nitrogen level. At late growth stage, the increasement of base-tiller, spike-grain nitrogen application ratio had no influence on amylose content, and it made the head rice percentage increased, protein content increase obviously, whiteness decreased, and starch gelatinization worse for two rice varieties. Therefore, it could make high yield and good quality at a higher level in cold region that appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer was less than 138 kg/hm2 and base-tiller, spike-grain nitrogen application ratio was less than thirty percent in the cultivation and management of rice in cold region.