对“十二五”期间四川省审定的51个高产型中籼迟熟三系杂交稻组合的经济性状和产量进行了分析，并研究了经济性状与产量间的相关关系。结果表明，这51个组合的平均有效穗数为13.89万/667 m2、穗着粒数为176.87粒、结实率为80.99%、千粒重为29.52 g、稻谷产量为547.22 kg/667 m2、增产率为5.36%。单产与有效穗数和增产率呈极显著正相关，与穗长、穗着粒、结实率和千粒重相关性均不显著；有效穗数与穗着粒数、千粒重呈极显著负相关，与穗长呈显著负相关；结实率与千粒重呈显著负相关。因此，在四川省这样的生态条件下，要进一步突破水稻产量水平，应在保持一定单穗质量的基础上，平衡协调穗、粒结构，适当增加有效穗数。针对不少品种结实率不高的问题，提出了提高新育杂交稻结实率的主要途径。

The economic characters and yield of 51 three line hybrid rice varieties with mid-late maturity and high yield approved by Sichuan Province during the 12th Five-year Plan were analyzed, and the correlation between the economic characters and yield were studied. The results showed that the effective panicles per 667 m2 was 138.9 thousand, grain number per panicle was 176.87, seed setting rate was 81.0%, 1 000-grain weight was 29.52 g, grain yield was 547.22 kg per 667 m2 and rate of grain increase was 5.36%. The grain yield per unit area were extremely significant positive correlation with the effective panicles and the rate of yield increase, and not significantly related with panicle length, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight. The effective panicles were extremely significant negative correlated with grain number per panicle and 1 000-grain weight, and significant negative correlated with panicle length, and the seed setting rate was significant negative correlated with 1 000-grain weight. As the result, in order to achieve high grain yield, on the basis of maintaining suitable weigh of the panicle, we should build comprehensive balance of spike-grain structure, appropriately increase the effective panicles under the ecological conditions of Sichuan Province. Aiming at the problem of low seed setting rate of many varieties, the authors put forward the main ways to improve the seed setting rate of new hybrid rice breeding.