通过室内盆栽试验，分析了施用氧化亚铁硫杆菌QBS-01和赤泥对水稻体内镉含量及分布规律的影响，探索利用氧化亚铁硫杆菌QBS-01及赤泥治理稻米Cd污染的可行性。结果表明，添加氧化亚铁硫杆菌QBS-01和赤泥后，水稻株高及产量增加，根、茎、叶、谷壳和糙米中Cd含量显著降低，Cd含量降低幅度由高到低依次为赤泥+氧化亚铁硫杆菌QBS-01配施处理>赤泥单施处理>氧化亚铁硫杆菌QBS-01单施处理，降低幅度最大的处理为R2T2。单施赤泥时，随着添加量增加，稻米Cd含量先降低后升高；氧化亚铁硫杆菌QBS-01单施及其与赤泥配施时，随着添加量增加，稻米Cd含量无显著变化。虽然添加赤泥和氧化亚铁硫杆菌QBS-01能显著降低糙米Cd含量，但由于土壤中重金属污染严重，糙米中Cd含量仍超过国家限量标准。可见，在重度Cd污染土壤中，利用赤泥、氧化亚铁硫杆菌QBS-01及其配施很难实现稻米安全生产的目的。
In order to find Thiobacillus ferrooxidans QBS-01 and red mud used to control cadmium pollution in rice grains, the effects of their addition amount and method of fertilizing on the cadmium contents in rice grains and transportation in rice were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that the plant height and yield of rice increased after T. ferrooxidans QBS-01 and red mud added, while the cadmium contents in root, stem, leaves, chaff and brown rice decreased significantly. Reduction degree of cadmium contents in root, stem, leaves, chaff and brown rice were in order combined application of T. ferrooxidans QBS-01 and red mud, single application of red mud and single application of T. ferrooxidans QBS-01, and the optimal treatment was R2T2. When single application of red mud, with the amount increased, the contents of cadmium in brown rice decreased first and then increased. However, there had no significant effects with single application of T. ferrooxidans QBS-01 and combined with red mud. Although the cadmium contents in brown rice decreased significantly when T. ferrooxidans QBS-01 and red mud added, it is still higher than the national limitation standard of cadmium in brown rice because of heavy pollution of Cd in paddy soils, which showed it is difficult to achieve the aim of safety in rice production using T. ferrooxidans QBS-01 and red mud at rice paddy with heavy cadmium pollution.
[1] 马志英. “镉米”的危害风险到底有多大[J]. 生命与灾害，2013（6）：12-15.
[2] 栾云霞，陆安祥，王纪华. 镉米问题形成原因及对策思考[J]. 农产品质量与安全，2013（6）：49-51.
[3] 宫靖，张艳玲，崔筝. “镉米”击响警钟[N]. 民主与法制时报，2011-02-28（C02版）.
[4] 王凯，徐世龙，杨远柱. 水稻镉吸收与转运机理研究进展[J]. 作物研究，2014，28（8）：926-930.
[5] Fujimaki S, Suzui N, Ishioka N S, et al. Tracing cadmium from culture to spikelet: noninvasive imaging and quantitative characterization of absorption, transport, and accumulation of cadmium in an intact rice plant [J]. Plant Physiol, 2010, 152（4）: 1 796-1 806.
[6] 魏益民，魏帅，郭波莉，等. 含镉稻米的分布及治理技术概述[J]. 食品科学技术学报，2013，31（2）：1-6.
[7] Iskandar I K, Adriano D C. Remediation of soils contaminated with metals, advances in environmental science[M]. Science Reviews, UK, 1997.
[8] Knox A S, Seaman J C, Mench M J, et al. Remediation of metal- and radio nuclides-contaminated soils by in situ stabilization techniques [A]. In：Iskandar IK. Environ-mental restoration of metal-contaminatee soils [C]. New York: Lewis Publishers, 2000: 21-60.
[9] 沙乐乐. 水稻镉污染防控钝化剂和叶面阻控剂的研究与应用[D]. 武汉：华中农业大学，2015.
[10] 刘昭兵 纪雄辉，王国祥，等. 赤泥对Cd污染稻田水稻生长及吸收累积Cd的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报，2010，29（4）：692-697.
[11] Garau G, Castaldi P, Santona L, et al. Influence of red mud, zeolite and lime on heavy metal immobilization, culturable heterotrophic microbial populations and enzyme activities in a contaminated soil[J]. Geoderma, 2007, 142（1-2）: 47-57.
[12] Chuasavathi T, Bolan N S, Naidu R. Immobilization of cadmium and lead in biosolids as affected by lime, red mud, fly ash and bentonite addition [C]. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World, 2010, 129-131.
[13] 马智慧，王亚娥，李杰. 铁氧化菌特性及其在环境污染治理中的应用[J]. 环境科学与管理，2011，36（11）： 67-71.
[14] 田耀全，郝汉舟，靳孟贵，等. 生物修复在治理土壤污染中的应用[J]. 安全与环境工程，2006，13（4）：30-34.
[15] 齐巍，王向东，蒋文举，等. 铁、锰氧化细菌在环境污染治理中的应用[J]. 环境污染治理技术与设备， 2004，5（6）：76-79.
[16] Sugio T, Taha T M, Kanao T, et al. Increase in Fe2+ producing activity during growth of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 on sulfur[J]. Biotechnol Biochem, 2007, 71（11）: 2 663-2 669.
[17] Byrne J M, Klueglein N, Pearce C, et al. Redox cycling of Fe（II） and Fe（III） in magnetite by Fe-metabolizing bacteria[J]. Science, 2015, 347（6229）: 1 473-1 476.
[18] 张德伟，周立祥，杨新萍，等. 不同底物驯化氧化亚铁硫杆菌的差异及对煤炭生物脱硫效率的影响[J]. 环境科学，2011，32（1）：274-278.
[19] 张婷，朱能武，许治国，等. 一株氧化亚铁硫杆菌的分离及其浸出废旧线路板中铜的效果[J]. 环境工程学报，2013，7（4）：286-292.
[20] Chen S Q, Guan Z Q, Wen Q L, et al. Bioleaching of sphalerite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans cultured in 9K medium modified with pyrrhotite095-7[J]. J Cent South Univ T, 2008, 15（4）: 503-507.
[21] Yun GL, Ming Z, Guang M, et al. Bioleaching of heavy metals from mine tailings by indigenous[J]. Bioresource Technol, 2008, 99（10）: 4 124-4 129.
[22] Ko M S, Park H S, Kim K W, et al. The role of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in arsenic bioleaching from soil[J]. Springer Netherlands, 2013, 35（6）: 727-733.
[23] 范美蓉，罗琳，廖育林，等. 赤泥施用量对Cd污染稻田水稻产量和土壤生物性状的影响[J]. 水土保持学报，2011，25（6）：181-185.
[24] 范美蓉，罗琳，廖育林，等. 赤泥使用量对Cd污染稻田水稻生长的影响和修复机理[J]. 安全与环境学报，2012，12（4）：36-41.
[25] Chamon A S, Mondol M N, Ullah S M. Amelioration of heavy metals from contaminated soils of Hazaribagh and Tejgaon areas from Bangladesh using red mud[J]. Bangladesh J Sci Industr Res, 2009, 44（4）: 479-484.
[26] 刘凤枝. 农业环境监测实用手册[M]. 北京：中国标准出版社，2001：97-107.
[27] 王兆苏，王新军，陈学萍，等. 微生物铁氧化作用对砷迁移转化的影响[J]. 环境科学学报，2011，31（2）： 328-333.
[28] 何春娥，刘学军，张福锁. 植物根表铁膜的形成及其营养与生态环境效应[J]. 应用生态学报，2004，15（6）：1 069-1 073.
[29] 傅友强，于智卫，蔡昆争，等. 水稻根表铁膜形成机制及其生态环境效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报，2010，16（6）：1 527-1 534.
[30] 张振中，杨娟. 长株潭稻米镉污染防控技术取得新进展[N]. 农民日报，2015-03-31（2版）.
