以2004-2014年贵州省水稻生产相关投入产出数据为基础，运用DEA-Malmquist指数模型对贵州省水稻生产综合技术效率和全要素生产率进行了研究。结果表明，贵州省水稻生产综合技术效率依旧偏低，纯技术效率和规模效率仍有一定的提升空间，进一步加强新型农业科技应用和进行适度规模化经营仍有较大的增产潜力；贵州省水稻生产全要素生产率总体呈缓慢上升趋势，技术进步呈明显衰退趋势，而技术效率改进幅度不大，规模效率的提高是技术效率提高的主要原因；贵州省水稻生产全要素生产率增长较慢的主要原因是技术进步缓慢甚至出现了倒退；导致贵州省各地区水稻生产效率差别较大的主要原因在于区域间经济地理条件和资源禀赋的差异。由以上研究结果推导出3点政策含义：一是因地制宜，保持生产适度规模，提高水稻生产技术效率是促进水稻生产的重要途径；二是注重技术效率与技术进步同步改进，重心应向技术进步方面倾斜是提高水稻全要素生产率的必要途径；三是稳步推进农业供给侧结构性改革，提高水稻生产全要素生产率是保障贵州省粮食安全的根本途径。

In this paper, the authors calculated and decomposed the comprehensive technical efficiency and total factor productivity of grain production in Guizhou by using the DEA-Malmquist Index based on the input and output data of rice production in 2004-2014. The results showed that: first, the comprehensive technical efficiency of grain production in Guizhou is still low, scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency is still have room to improve, it still has great potential to increase the rice production by increasing agricultural new technology application and moderate scale cultivation; second, the total factor productivity of grain production in Guizhou slowly rising, technological progress showed a trend of obvious recession, at the same time, the technical efficiency slightly improved, and all from scale efficiency of contribution to the improvement of technical efficiency; third, increasing slowly and even reversing of technological progress is the main reason of leading total factor productivity of grain production growth slowly in Guizhou; finally, from the perspective of regional differentiation, due to different regional geographic conditions and resources endowment, the regional rice production efficiency difference is bigger. According to the research conclusion, the authors drew the following policy implications: first is to adjust measures to local conditions, maintaining moderate production scale, improve the efficiency of rice production technology is an important way of promoting rice production; second, pay attention to technical efficiency and technical progress synchronous improvement, center of gravity should tilt to technical progress is the necessary way to increase rice total factor productivity; the third, push forward agricultural supply side structural reforms, improve rice production total factor productivity is the basic way to protect the provincial rice safety.