水稻机插叠盘出苗育供秧模式
Seedling Raising Model of Tray Overlay for Machine Transplanting Rice
随着我国社会经济的发展及农村劳动力转移和劳动力成本的提高，水稻生产技术从手工作业向机械化作业转型。水稻生产机械化的核心是种植机械化，种植机械化的关键是育秧。在分析和研究传统水稻机插育秧模式的问题和经验的基础上，创新了水稻叠盘出苗育供秧模式。该模式的主要特点是：采用基质育秧和可叠秧盘，经流水线播种的秧盘叠放，将叠放的秧盘移入控温控湿的出苗室，出苗室的温度控制在30℃~32℃之间，湿度在90%以上，经过48 h左右，当出苗高度达到0.5 cm时，将秧盘移到育苗场育苗。这种模式采用的是1个播种出苗中心（育秧中心），N个育苗场地，实现1+N的水稻机插育供秧模式。1个育秧中心可提供几百到几千公顷面积机插的出苗秧盘，为社会化服务提供新模式。该模式提高了秧苗质量，成秧率提高20%左右，育秧成本下降15%~20%，育秧风险下降，育秧中心的场地和装备利用率大幅提高。
朱德峰1,王岳钧2, 陈惠哲1,徐一成1,陈一平1 . 水稻机插叠盘出苗育供秧模式[J]. 中国稻米, 2018 , 24(3) : 7 -9 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2018.03.002
With social economy development and rural labor transfer and cost rise in China, rice production is shifting from manual operation to the mechanization. The main task of rice production mechanization is the planting and the key is seedling raising for transplanting. In analysis and research of the problems and experience of traditional model of rice seedlings raising, the seedling raising model of tray overlay was proposed. The characteristics of the model are listed below: using rice nursery matrix and rice tray that could be overlayed, trays that was sowed in seeding line and overlayed. Then, overlayed trays were put in temperature and humidity controlled seedling room. The temperature and humidity in the seedling room is maintained 31℃~32℃ and humidity >90%, respectively. When seedling height reached 0.5 cm after 48 h in the seedling room, trays could be moved to nursery. This model is consist of one seeding center and N seedling sites, 1+N model for seedling raising. A seedling center can provide seedling for transplanting in several hundred and thousand hectare area. The model improved the quality of seedling, increased the seedling rate by 20%, reduced the cost of seedling raising by 15%~20%, realized risk reduction for seedling raising and the utilization efficiency of nursery site and equipment.
Key words： rice; machine transplanting; seedling raising; tray overlay
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