甬优12抽穗动态调查及稻曲病预防适期研究
网络出版日期: 2019-01-20
基金资助
“十三五”国家重点研发项目（2018YFD 0200304）；浙江省“三农六方”科技协助项目（CTZB-F160728AWZ-SNY1-4）；中国农业科学院协同创新项目（CAAS-XTCX2016012）
Investigation of Heading Dynamic States of Yongyou 12 and Optimal Time to Spray Chemicals for Prevention Rice False Smut
稻曲病已由次要病害上升为主要病害，对水稻生产危害严重，不但影响产量还降低其品质。稻曲病发生后（出现稻曲球）就很难防治，只能预防不能治疗。适时打药是高效预防稻曲病的关键。本研究结果表明，对籼粳杂交稻甬优12而言，在破口前10~13 d用专化杀菌剂预防1次、破口期再预防1次的处理防治效果最好，穗防效和病情指数防效分别为94.59%和98.33%；仅在破口前10 d或13 d喷1次药预防的处理，穗防效分别为86.95%和87.36%，病情指数防效分别为94.98%和95.99%。鉴于在实际生产中很难准确确定具体哪一天是破口前的第10 d或第13 d，本研究采用水稻生理学性状“叶枕平”（剑叶叶枕与倒数第2叶叶枕持平，或叶枕距为零）界定为最佳打药期，即稻田中1/3~1/2水稻植株处于叶枕平为第1次打药预防稻曲病的适期，第2次打药适期为破口前。
饶汉宗1,罗华池2,施通武3,李阳4,黄世文5* . 甬优12抽穗动态调查及稻曲病预防适期研究[J]. 中国稻米, 2019 , 25(1) : 74 -79 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.018
The dynamic states of flag leaf growth and head sprouting of rice were identified by fixed-point investigation. Rice false smut （RFS）, Ustilaginoidea virens （Cooke） has gone up to a primary rice disease from secondary and caused severe impair to rice production. The RFS not only impacts the yield of rice but also reduces the rice quality. The RFS was very difficult to control when the RFS occurrence（the false smut balls appear）, so the RFS only prevention but could not treat after occurred. When to spray the fungicide was a key factor for achieving the best control effects to RFS. The results of this study indicated that spray fungicide two times at 10 to 13 days before begin heading and at begin heading, could achieve best control effects. The control effects of panicle and disease index were 94.59% and 98.33%, respectively. Or only spray fungicide once at 10 days or 13 days before begin heading for prevention, the control effects were also very good, the control effect of panicle were 86.95% and 87.36%, and disease index were 94.98% and 95.99%, respectively. In consideration of the difficulty to determine the day of which is 10th or 13th day before heading precisely, the physiological character of “the same level of phyllula”（the phyllula of flag leaf and penultimate leaf at the same level） or “zero distance of phyllula”（the phyllula distance of flag leaf and penultimate leaf is zero）of rice was employed in this study to define optimum for spraying fungicide, that is to say when 1/3 to 1/2 of rice plants were at “the same level of phyllula”is the optimum rice growing stage for first time fungicide application, and the second spraying time was before heading stage.
Key words： rice; heading stage; rice false smut; optimum control time; before heading; Yongyou 12
[1] ZHANG Y, ZHANG K, FANG A F, et al. Specific adaptation of Ustilaginoidea virens in occupying host florets revealed by comparative and functional genomics[J]. Nat Commun, 2014, doi: 10.1038/ncomms4849.
[2] PADWICK G W. Manual of rice diseases[M]. London: Commonwealth Mycological Institute, 1950.
[3] ZHOU Y L, PAN Y J, XIE X W, et al. Genetic diversity of rice false smut fungus, Ustilaginoidea virens and its pronounced differentiation of populations in north China[J]. J Phytopathol, 2008, 156: 559-564.
[4] WANG S, LI M, DONG H, et al. Sporulation, inoculation methods and pathogenicity of Ustilaginoidea albicans, the cause of white rice false smut in China[J]. J Phytopathol, 2008, 156: 755-757.
[5] ZHOU Y L, IZUMITSU K, SONODA R, et al. PCR-based specific detection of Ustilaginoidea virens and Ephelis japonica[J]. J Phytopathol, 2003, 151: 513-518.
[6] 陈志谊，聂亚锋，刘永锋. 江苏省水稻品种对稻曲病的抗病性鉴定及病菌致病力分化[J]. 江苏农业学报，2009，25（4）：737-741.
[7] 李余生，朱镇，张亚东，等. 水稻稻曲病抗性的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析[J]. 作物学报，2008，34（10）：l 728-1 733.
[8] 何海永，陈小均，詹金碧，等. 稻曲病发生与氮肥施用的关系初探[J]. 安徽农业科学，2008，36（20）：8 665-8 666.
[9] 侯小华，李友荣，魏子生，等. 湖南稻曲病的发生与危害调查分析[J]. 湖南农业科学，2009（9）：87-88.
[10] 刘希彦，王守功，金凤山，等. 稻曲病发生规律及防治研究[J]. 植物病理学报，1993，23（3）：258-259.
[11] 潘勋，张淑平. 氮磷肥对稻曲病发生程度的影响[J]. 河北农业科学，1993（1）：18-20.
[12] TANG Y X, JIN J, HU D W, et al. Elucidation of the infection process of Ustilaginoidea virens（teleomorph： Villosiclava virens） in rice spikelets[J]. Plant Pathol, 2012, 62（1）: 1-8.
[13] TANG Q Y, ZHANG C X. Data Processing System （DPS） software with experimental design, statistical analysis and data mining developed for use in entomological research[J]. Insect Sci, 2013, 20（2）: 254-260.
[14] 伏荣桃，王剑，卢代华，等. 水稻稻曲病抗性鉴定技术及影响因子研究[J]. 中国农学通报，2015，31（18）： 266-272.
[15] 张君成，陈志谊，张炳欣，等. 稻曲病的接种技术研究[J]. 植物病理学报，2004，34（5）：463-467.
[16] 杨秀娟，王舒婷，阮宏椿，等. 水稻稻曲病室内人工接种技术[J]. 植物保护学报，2011，38（5）：395-400.
[17] 赵帅锋，孙加焱，胡选祥，等. 2种杀菌剂对籼粳交水稻品种甬优12稻曲病防治效果及机理研究[J]. 中国农学通报，2016，32（19）：92-96.
[18] 宋益民，丛国林. 8种杀菌剂防治水稻稻曲病田间药效评价[J]. 现代农药，2015，14（4）：37-38.
[19] 姚成东，叶爱青. 15％氯啶菌酯乳油防治稻曲病效果研究[J]. 现代农业科技，2016（24）：116-117.
[20] 叶剑波，周奥，何可佳. 不同杀菌剂对粳稻稻曲病防治效果的研究[J]. 湖南农业科学，2015（12）：21-24.
[21] 杨强，潘秋波，谢子正，等. 不同时期防治水稻稻曲病药剂试验[J]. 浙江农业科学，2016，57（12）：2 004-2 005.
[22] CHEN Y, ZHANG Y, YAO J, et al. Frequency distribution of sensitivity of Ustilaginoidea virens to four EBI fungicides, prochloraz, difenoconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole, and their efficacy in controlling rice false smut in Anhui province of China[J]. Phytoparasitica, 2013, 41：277-284.
[23] 张正炜，陈莉，丁克坚，等. 稻曲病菌侵染特点及病害防治适期研究[J]. 安徽农业大学学报，2013，40（4）： 656-659.
[24] 刘小林，辛海文，杜贵勇，等. 一季晚粳稻曲病防治药剂筛选试验[J]. 安徽农学通报，2017，23（5）：64-65.
[25] 李林海. 中粳稻稻曲病最佳施药时期及用药次数初探[J]. 中国农技推广，2016，32（8）：75-76.
[26] 宋益民，丛国林. 稻曲病、水稻穗颈瘟防治药剂筛选及其协同防治技术[J]. 江苏农业学报，2016，32（6）： 1 268-1 272.
[27] TSUDA M, SASAHARA M, OHARA T, et al. Optimal application timing of simeconazole granules for control of rice kernel smut and false smut[J]. J Gen Plant Pathol, 2006, 72: 301-304.
[28] LIU H Z, LI K H, HUANG Q, et al. Field efficacy trail and optimum control period of rice false smut （Ustilaginoidea virens） in single cropping middle-late rice[J]. Plant Dis Pest, 2014, 5（2）: 31-34.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |