如何提高肥料利用率，减少因过度使用化肥和施肥方式不当而造成的生产成本增加与环境污染是长期以来世界各国共同关注的课题。为了适应国家提出的“一控两减三基本”发展战略需要，尽快解决目前徐州市水稻生产化肥利用率低等问题，本文系统总结了2015-2016年度组织开展的相关肥料利用试验结果。结果表明，全生育期施氮素270～300 kg/hm2，基肥、蘖肥、穗肥比例为2.4∶3.6∶4.0，在倒3叶期施穗肥，是徐州市水稻生产较为适宜的施肥方式，既能保证有充足的穗数，又可争取较多的每穗粒数而实现高产。

How to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce the increase of production cost and environmental pollution caused by excessive and improper application of chemical fertilizer has been a common concern of all countries. In order to meet the need of the development strategy of “one control, two reduction and three basic”, and solve the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate at present in China as soon as possible, the authors systematically summarizes the results of the related fertilizer utilization test conducted in 2015—2016 in this paper. The results showed that nitrogen application rate was 270~300 kg/hm2, the proportion of base fertilizer, tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was 2.4∶3.6∶4.0, and apply fertilizer at the stage of inverted 3 leaf is a suitable way. It could not only ensure enough number of panicles, but also strive for more grain number per panicle to achieve high yield.