齐穗期施肥对水稻镉积累的影响
Effects of Fertilization at Full Heading Stage on Cd Accumulation in Rice
为探究在齐穗期施肥对水稻Cd积累的影响，完善对镉的防控技术，采用田间小区试验，在齐穗前施肥量（基肥、分蘖肥和穗肥）一致条件下，设4个粒肥水平（T1，齐穗期施用尿素77.59 kg/hm2；T2，齐穗期施用尿素116.39 kg/hm2；T3，齐穗期施用尿素155.18 kg/hm2； T4，齐穗期施用尿素193.75 kg/hm2），在水稻成熟后采集植株样品进行相关指标测定。结果表明，施用粒肥均可提高水稻产量，增加水稻地上部干物质积累；玉针香和湘晚籼12号均在T4处理下增产效果最佳，较CK（全生育期不施氮肥）分别增产18.66%、34.59%。不同处理对水稻Cd积累存在显著差异，2个品种的根系和茎秆Cd含量在 T1处理下最低，且与T4处理和CK差异显著，T4处理下最高；2个品种的糙米Cd含量均以T1处理最低，但玉针香以T4处理最高，而湘晚籼12号以T3处理最高，湘晚籼12号糙米Cd含量T1处理显著低于CK。从提高水稻产量和品质安全综合来看，建议大田生产中，粒肥施用量以77.59 kg/hm2较适宜。
张玉盛,肖欢, 敖和军* . 齐穗期施肥对水稻镉积累的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2019 , 25(3) : 49 -52 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.03.010
The objective of the study was to explore the effects of fertilization on Cd accumulation in rice at full heading stage and to improve rice cadmium control technology. A field plot experiment was carried out, under the condition that the amount of fertilizer applied before heading （basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer） was consistent, four grain fertilizer levels （T1, 77.59 kg/hm2 urea was applied at the heading stage; T2, 116.39 kg/hm2 urea was applied at the heading stage; T3, 155.18 kg/hm2 urea was applied at the heading stage ; T4, 193.75 kg/hm2 urea was applied at the heading stage ）were designed, and plant samples were collected after ripening to determine relevant indexes. The results showed that applying grain fertilizer could increase the yield of rice and the accumulation of aboveground parts of rice. The two varieties reached the highest yield under T4 treatment. Compared with CK （no nitrogen fertilizer applied during the whole growth stage）, the yield of Yuzhenxiang and Xiangwanxian 12 were increased by 18.66% and 34.59% respectively. There were significant differences in Cd accumulation among different treatments. The Cd content in roots and stems of the two varieties was the lowest under T1 treatment and was the highest under T4 treatment, and T1 treatment is significantly different with T4 treatment and CK. The Cd content in brown rice of Yuzhenxiang and Xiangwanxian 12 was the lowest under T1 treatment, and the Cd content in brown rice of Yuzhenxiang was the highest under T4 treatment and Xiangwanxian 12 was the highest under T3 treatment. The Cd content in brown rice of Xiangwanxian 12 under T1 treatment was significantly lower than CK. It is suggested that applying 77.59 kg/hm2 urea fertilizer at full heading stage is suitable for improving grain yield and quality safety.
Key words： grain fertilizer ;rice; cadmium; full heading stage
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