为了探索减量增效施肥技术，减少氮肥施用量，提高肥料利用效率，在云南省不同生态稻作区进行了氮肥减量增效试验。结果表明，随着氮肥用量的降低和氮肥后移比例的增加，籼稻产量呈先增加后降低的趋势，而粳稻产量均比对照增产3.0%左右；籼稻的氮肥农学利用效率由7.11 kg/kg提高到11.35 kg/kg，粳稻由10.10 kg/kg提高到19.59 kg/kg；有效穗数和群体颖花量随着氮肥用量和基蘖肥比例的降低呈下降趋势，而穗总粒数、实粒数、结实率和千粒重均有所增加；总之，采用氮肥减量后移技术可以实现水稻减肥增效的目标。

In order to reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizer, a field experiments was carried out at different ecological rice cropping areas in Yunnan province in 2016 and 2017.The results showed that with the decrease of nitrogen rate and the increase of the ratio of panicle nitrogen fertilizer, the grain yield of indica rice showed a trend of first increase and then decrease, the grain yield of japonica rice was stable increased by 3% companed to CK. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for indica rice increased from 7.11 kg/kg to 11.35 kg/kg, and for japonica rice was increased from 10.10 kg/kg to 19.59 kg/kg. The number of effective panicles and the number of spikelets per unit were decreased with the decrease of nitrogen rate and the decrease of basic tiller nitrogen fertilizer, but the numbers of spikelets per panicle, filled spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were increased. In a word, the target of reducing nitrogen fertilizer and increasing grain yield could be achieved by applying postponing and decreasing nitrogen fertilizer.