土壤质地是土壤的基本物理性质之一，反应土壤中不同大小直径成土颗粒的组成状况。不同质地土壤间养分含量、蓄水导水、保肥供肥、保温导热、耕性、微生物种类及其活动等性能的差异，影响肥料的固定、转化、吸收和流失，并影响作物的产量形成，进而形成区域性的肥料利用效率的差异。水稻肥料利用状况的改善一直是研究热点，但土壤质地对肥料利用和水稻生长的影响研究相对较少。本文简要介绍了不同质地土壤的养分状况和理化性质差异，分析了土壤质地对作物生长发育的影响；并在简要评价测土配方施肥技术的基础上，初步探讨了不同土质土壤的肥料高效施用方法。

Soil texture is one of the basic physical properties of soil, which reflects the composition of soil particles with different sizes and diameters. Soils with different texture have different nutrient contents, soil microbial species and activities, and also have different property of water storage and thermal insulation. Soil texture affects the fixation, transformation and loss of fertilizer absorption, and further influence the growth and yield formation of plants. Although the improvement of rice fertilizer utilization has always been a research hotspot, few have been studied of soil texture on fertilizer utilization and rice growth. After briefly introduced the differences in nutrient content, physical and chemical properties of soils with different textures, and the effects of soil texture on crop growth, the paper further evaluated the soil testing and formula fertilization technology in rice production, and discussed the efficient fertilization method according to soil texture.