遮阴对重穗型杂交水稻茎秆形态特征和抗倒伏性的影响
网络出版日期: 2020-03-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金（31701382）；重庆市科研院所绩效激励引导专项（cstc2017jxjl80050）；国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0300105）；“渝优”优质水稻新品种转化创新团队科技人才专项（cstc2017kjrc-cxcytd0184）
Effects of Shading on Stem Morphological Traits and Lodging Resistance in Heavy Type Panicle of Indica Rice
以穗数型杂交水稻C两优华占和重穗型杂交水稻渝香203为材料，于拔节期至抽穗期设置遮阴处理，比较两种类型杂交水稻产量及产量构成要素、茎秆力学、节间长度及基部节间茎鞘充实等方面的差异，并分析其与植株抗倒伏性的关系。结果表明，较正常光照处理（CK），遮阴处理（S）显著降低渝香203产量，主要原因是其有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重降低，C两优华占具有相同的趋势。与CK相比，遮阴显著降低了杂交水稻弯曲力矩，倒伏指数不降反升，主要原因是折断弯矩大幅降低。遮阴处理下，渝香203弯曲应力和断面模数分别降低5.1%，25.5%， C两优华占分别降低19.3%，12.6%。进一步分析发现，遮阴处理下，渝香203茎粗和壁厚分别降低9.1%、11.9%，与断面模数变化相吻合； C两优华占茎鞘充实度分别减少25.6%、14.4%，这与弯曲应力变化相吻合。表明遮阴处理减少了重穗型水稻基部节间折断弯矩，进而增加了植株倒伏风险，同时降低了产量水平。增加基部节间茎粗、壁厚，提高茎秆断面模数，是遮阴下增强水稻茎秆强度和抗倒伏性的有效途径。
张巫军,段秀建,姚雄,刘强明,肖人鹏,张现伟,唐永群,文明,李经勇* . 遮阴对重穗型杂交水稻茎秆形态特征和抗倒伏性的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2020 , 26(2) : 9 -13 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.02.003
A field experiments was conducted by using shading condition （S） and normal light （CK）, with heavy-panicle type of indica rice Yuxiang 203 （YX203） and multi-panicle type of indica rice Cliangyouhuazhan （CLYHZ）. Stem physical strength parameters, plant height, gravity center height, length of internodes and stem morphological traits of lower internodes were investigated, and their relationship with lodging resistance was also analyzed. Compared with CK, shading significantly reduced grain yield of YX203, which induced by reduction of panicles, spikelets and 1000-weight, CLYHZ showed similar trends with YX203. Compared with CK, shading decreased bending moment by whole plant （WP） with significant difference, the lodging index was not reduced but increased, owing to highly reduction of breaking resistance （M）. The bending stress （BS） and section modulus （Z） were decreased by 5.1%, 25.5% in YX203 and 19.3%, 12.6% in CLYHZ under shading condition. Further, shading significantly reduced culm diameter and culm wall thickness of YX203 by 9.1% and 11.9%, respectively, which were consistent with reduction of Z value; and remarkably reduced culm weight and leaf sheath weight per cm in CLYHZ by 25.6% and 14.4%, which were consistent with decrease of BS value. These results suggested that shading significantly reduced breaking resistance of lower internodes of heavy-panicle type of indica rice, and thereby, increased lodging risks, and decreased grain yield. Increasing Z value of heavy-panicle type of indica rice by improvement of culm diameter and culm wall thickness of lower internodes, could be an effective way to enhancing stem strength and lodging resistance under shading condition.
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