水稻种子质量对水稻生产至关重要。在水稻种子生产过程中，种子的干燥是种子质量全程控制中的重要环节，机械干燥中出现的问题是影响水稻种子质量的重要因素。本研究对浙江省19家主要种子企业进行了走访与问卷调查，全面分析了浙江省水稻种子机械干燥存在的问题，并提出了解决对策。在19家种子企业中，12家种子企业在近5年内因机械干燥问题发生过种子质量问题。其中，机械干燥设备损坏、操作人员失误与干燥工艺设置不当等因素是水稻种子机械干燥质量事故发生的重要原因。“三九”与“金子”谷物烘干机是目前浙江省种子企业使用较多的水稻种子机械干燥设备，同时也被认为是目前水稻种子机械干燥的理想设备。对于不同类型水稻种子，各种子企业在机械干燥的烘干温度与目标水分等参数设置上有所差异。高原始水分水稻种子进行高温干燥易导致种子质量受损，二段或多段烘干法是高原始水分水稻种子机械干燥的理想方法。此外，针对水稻种子机械干燥存在的问题，本文在政策引导、机械干燥设备研发、提高机械干燥能力与加强机械干燥理论研究等方面提出了解决对策。本研究结果将为促进水稻种子机械干燥工艺的发展与水稻种子的安全生产提供一定的理论与实践指导。
Rice seed quality is crucial for rice production. In the process of rice seed production, the drying of rice seeds is one of the important links in the overall control of seed quality, the problems that occur in mechanical drying are the important factors affecting the quality of rice seeds. Therefore, a comprehensively analysis on the problems and solutions of rice seed mechanical drying in Zhejiang province was conducted after interviewing 19 major rice seed enterprises in Zhejiang province. Among the 19 seed enterprises, 12 seed enterprises had seed quality problems due to mechanical drying problems in the past five years. The damage of drying equipment, operator errors and drying parameter settings are important reasons for the accidents of rice seed mechanical drying quality. The“Sanjiu” and“Golden” grain dryers were the most widely used drying equipments in Zhejiang province, and also be considered to be the ideal drying equipments for rice seed mechanical drying. The mechanical drying with high-temperature in high moisture rice seeds were liable to induce seed quality damage. Two-stage or multi-stage drying method was the ideal method for mechanical drying of high-raw water rice seeds. Futhermore, according to the problems of mechanical drying in rice seeds, this study proposed some solutions in the aspects of policy guidance, development of mechanical drying equipment, improving mechanical drying capacity and strengthen theoretical research on mechanical drying. This study would provide theoretical and practical guidance for promoting the development of rice seed mechanical drying and the safety production for rice seeds.
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