选择我国大面积种植的4个水稻品种,比较分析了区试产量与亩产千公斤产量(吨粮田)的产量结构及品种增产潜力。结果表明,与水稻品种区试产量相比,吨粮田水稻产量提高主要是实粒数和有效穗数的提高,而千粒重相对稳定。水稻品种吨粮田与区试比较的增产因子分析表明,4个品种平均增穗增产贡献30%,增穗粒重增产贡献70%。增穗粒重是实现亩产吨粮的主要途径,穗型较大的品种更具有超高产的潜力。籼型杂交稻亩产吨粮需要每m2颖花数在58 000~72 000个之间,单穗粒质量在4.1~7.0 g之间;籼粳杂交稻亩产吨粮需要每m2颖花数在78 000 ~ 80 000个之间,单穗粒质量在6.0~7.8 g之间。水稻亩产吨粮田在充足的库容量的基础上,颖花结实率及籽粒充实度均较高。
朱德峰1,杨从党2,向镜1, 陈惠哲1,张玉屏1,陈叶平3,王岳钧3,王亚梁1,张义凯1
. 水稻亩产千公斤品种产量潜力分析[J]. 中国稻米, 2020
, 26(4)
: 7
-9
.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2020.04.002
The yield and its components and yield increasing potential were compared and analyzed between the variety regional trial and the high-yielding demonstration of 15 t/hm2 with four hybrid rice used in large areas in China. The results showed that, compared with rice regional trial, the yield increase of demonstration of 15 t/hm2 mainly resulted from the increase of grain number per panicle and effective panicles per unit area, while the 1 000-grain weight was relatively stable. The factor analysis of yield increase between demonstration of 15 t/hm2 and variety regional trial indicated that the increase of panicle number contributed 30% of yield increase, and the increase of grain weight per panicle contributed 70% of yield increase on average. The increase of grain weight per panicle is the main pathway to realize the high yield of 15 t/hm2. Variety with big panicle has higher yield potential. Grains per m2 of 58,000~72,000 and grain weight per panicle of 4.1~7.0 g are required for 15 t/hm2 of indica hybrid rice. Grains per m2 of 78,000~80,000 and grain weight per panicle of 6.0~7.8 g are required for 15 t/hm2 of indica-japonica hybrid rice. For 15 t/hm2, spikelet fertility and grain filling percent were higher on the basis of sufficient grain storage capacity.
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