为了探明北方地区不同土壤背景下水稻秸秆全量还田对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响,以辽粳2501为材料,通过盆栽试验,比较分析了在总施纯氮200 kg/hm²条件下不同处理（砂壤土、砂壤土+秸秆、盐碱土、盐碱土+秸秆、棕壤黏土、棕壤黏土+秸秆）辽粳2501的产量结构和品质表现。结果表明,与秸秆不还田处理相比,棕壤黏土背景下秸秆全量还田处理产量提高4.45%,而在砂壤土和盐碱土背景下秸秆全量还田处理表现为显著减产,减产幅度分别为2.20%和3.84%;秸秆全量还田均能显著提高不同土壤背景下的每穗颖花数,尤其是二次枝梗颖花数,但降低了盐碱土和砂壤土背景下的有效穗数;秸秆全量还田显著增加了稻米胶稠度和米饭食味值,但降低了盐碱土和砂壤土背景下稻米的垩白粒率和垩白度。

In order to clarify the effects of straw returning to the field on yield and quality of rice under different soil background, a pot experiment was conducted using japonica variety Liaogeng 2501 as material, the yield and quality performance of Liaogeng 2501 of different treatments （sandy loam, sandy loam + straw returning, saline-alkali soil, saline-alkali soil + straw returning, brown soil clay, brown soil clay + straw returning） under the condition of total applied pure nitrogen amount of 200 kg/hm² was compared and analyzed. The results indicated that, compared with no straw returning, the yield of total straw-returning treatment increased by 4.45% in brown soil, however, the yield decreased significantly under sandy loam and saline-alkali soil with a decrease of 2.20% and 3.84%. The number of spikelets per panicle, especially the number of spikelets per secondary stalk was increased effectively with total straw returning under different soil backgrounds, but the number of effective panicles was decreased under saline-alkali soil and sandy loam. The total straw returning significantly increased the gel consistency and taste value of rice, but reduced the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of rice in the background of saline-alkali soil and sandy loam.