通过稻麦两熟制下的长期定位试验,研究连续秸秆还田及不同耕作方式对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果显示,与“翻耕+秸秆不还田”（对照,CT）相比,“免耕+秸秆还田”处理（MTS）和“翻耕+秸秆还田”处理（CTS）改善了抽穗期水稻上3叶的氮素水平,显著提高了水稻产量,2年试验水稻产量CTS处理比CT处理增加6.9%~14.8%。从产量构成因素来看,MTS和CTS处理的有效穗数都显著提高,实粒数也有所增加;从稻米品质来看,MTS和CTS处理在一定程度上改善稻米的加工品质、外观品质及蒸煮食味品质。但“连续免耕+秸秆还田”处理（NTS）降低了水稻产量,产量比对照（CT）低10.9%~11.8%;与对照（CT）相比,NTS处理的每穗实粒数显著下降,外观品质和蒸煮食味品质变劣。

In a wheat-rice double cropping system, we made a long-term location experiment about the effects of the yield and quality of rice which cultivated with different tillage methods and straw returning. The results showed that, compared with “plowing + straw not returning to field” （control, CT）, “no-tillage + straw returning to field” （MTS） and “plowing + straw returning to field” （CTS） treatment improved the fertilizer level of the top three leaves of rice during the heading stage, and significantly increased the grain yield. The grain yield of CTS treatment increased by 6.9%~14.8% compared with CT treatment in 2018 and 2019. From the perspective of yield components, the effective ear number of MTS and CTS treatments both increased significantly, and the number of real grains also increased; from the perspective of rice quality, MTS and CTS treatments improved the processing quality, appearance quality and cooking and eating quality of rice. However, the “continuous no-tillage + straw returning to field” treatment （NTS） reduced the grain yield, which was 10.9%~11.8% lower than the control （CT）; compared with the control （CT）, the number of kernels per ear under NTS treatment decreased significantly, and the appearance quality and cooking and eating quality deteriorated.