为探索⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐射对寒地粳稻种子活力的影响,采用3个剂量（220 Gy、250 Gy、280 Gy）对6个粳稻品种（V1~V6）进行辐射处理,分析不同品种种子活力的变化。结果表明,在0~280 Gy剂量条件下,辐射对种子发芽率、芽长和根活力指数有抑制作用;发芽势因品种不同而表现不同;供试品种间的种子活力辐射敏感性存在显著差异。种子芽长受辐射剂量主效应影响最大,V3芽长最长, V4、V2、V5的芽长受辐射抑制作用较大;其次是辐射剂量对根活力指数效应影响,V3根活力指数最大, V4、V5根活力指数受辐射抑制较大;第三是品种对发芽势效应影响,V3、V4发芽势较大,V6发芽势最小;第四是品种×剂量互作对发芽势的影响,辐射对V2、V3发芽势有显著抑制作用,对 V1、V5、V4发芽势有显著促进作用。V6的发芽率、芽长、根活力指数均最小,可能是品种本身特性和辐射抑制共同作用的结果。本研究结果可为寒地水稻辐射诱变育种研究提供技术参考。

In order to explore the effects of ⁶⁰Co-γ ray radiation on seed vigor of japonica rice in the cold region, 3 doses （220 Gy, 250 Gy, 280 Gy）were used to irradiate 6 japonica rice varieties, to analyze the changes in seed vigor of different varieties. The results indicated that, under the dose of 0~280 Gy, the radiation could inhibit the seed germination rate, bud length and root vigor index; the germination potential is different due to different varieties; there were significant differences in the radiation sensitivity of seed vigor among the tested varieties. Seed bud length was most affected by the main effect of radiation dose, V3 bud length was the largest, and V4, V2 and V5 bud length was greatly affected by radiation inhibition; the second was the effect of radiation dose on root vitality index, V3 root vitality index was the largest, V4 and V5 root vitality index were most affected by radiation inhibition; the third was the effect of varieties on germination potential, the germination potential of V3 and V4 was greater, the germination potential of V6 was the smallest; the fourth was the effect of variety × dose interaction factors on germination potential, radiation had a significant inhibitory effect on the germination potential of V2 and V3, and a significant promotion effect on the germination potential of V1, V5 and V4. The germination rate, bud length and root vigor index of V6 were the smallest, which would be the result of the combination of the characteristics of the variety itself and radiation inhibition. The results of this study could provide a technical reference for future research on radiation mutation of rice breeding in cold regions.