利用传统育种技术与分子标记辅助选择技术有机结合,成功培育出了株型理想、不育转换起点温度低于23.5℃、育性稳定、异交性好、配合力强的两用核不育系隆科638S,于2014年通过湖南省品种审定。全基因组重测序分析结果表明,隆科638S含有约56.0%的早籼稻遗传背景,以及约8.7%的粳稻遗传背景,为充分利用“早晚生态型间和籼粳亚种间”双重杂种优势奠定了遗传基础。依据分子设计和杂种优势群理论,按“双亲抗性基因互补”和“双亲品质基因一致性”配组原则,高效培育出一批绿色、优质、广适、高产的隆两优系列品种,迅速成为我国南方杂交水稻主栽品种,推动了长江流域杂交中籼品种的更新换代。

Using the traditional pedigree method and marker assistance selection （MAS） technology, we successfully bred a TGMS rice line——Longke 638S, with ideal plant type, low sterile conversion temperature （< 23.5℃）, stable fertility, good outcrossing and high combining ability. In 2014, Longke 638S was approved by Hunan Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee. The whole-genome resequencing analysis showed that Longke 638S carried about 56.0% of the early-season indica and about 8.7% of the japonica genetic background, which laid a foundation for making full exploit of the double-heterosis of “early-season indica ecotype with late-season indica ecotype, indica with japonica subspecies”. Based on the theory of molecular design and heterosis groups, and the principle of “parental resistance genes complementation” and “parental quality genes uniformity”, a series of hybrid rice varieties from Longke 638S with disease resistance, high quality, wide adaptability and high yield were efficiently developed. This series of varieties quickly became the main hybrid rice varieties in southern China, and promoting the updating of middle-season indica hybrid varieties in the Yangtze River Basin.