杂交水稻研究与应用是中国科学家对全世界粮食安全保障做出的一项重要历史贡献。我国对杂交粳稻的研究虽迟于日本,但却后来居上,并领先于其他国家。更重要的是,中国杂交粳稻研究还推动了籼粳亚种间杂交亲和性的研究,选育了大量以“甬优”系列为代表的、利用亚种间优势的超高产籼粳杂交稻组合,为中国粮食安全提供了足够的种子“芯片”。本文回顾了中国杂交粳稻研究历程,重点分析了杂交粳稻研究中的每个创新思维,希望引起对杂交粳稻研究的讨论,“抛砖引玉”,寻找杂交粳稻实际育种规律,使大田真正育种效率得到更大地提高。

The research and application of hybrid rice is an important historical contribution made by Chinese scientists to food security throughout the world. Although China’s research on hybrid japonica rice is later than Japan’s, it has come from behind and is ahead of other countries by now. More importantly, the research on hybrid japonica rice in China has also greatly promoted the basic research on the intersubspecific hybrid compatibility of indica rice and japonica rice, and has produced a large number of super-high-yielding combinations represented by the ‘Yongyou’ series of indica and japonica hybrid rice that utilize the intersubspecific advantages. It has provided abundant ‘seed-chips’ for the current food security in China. This article reviews the history of hybrid japonica rice research in China, focusing on every innovative thinking in the research of hybrid japonica rice in the past. We hope that more researchers will join the discussion on future hybrid japonica rice research, and dive deep into the hybrid breeding law, so as to improve the real breeding efficiency of the field continuously.