水稻高产与优质栽培之间存在着冲突与矛盾,实现产量和品质的协同提高是水稻生产发展的目标。本文论述了我国水稻优质生产的起伏,高产与优质之间的发展关系;在简要比较优质稻品种、优质稻谷和优质大米国家标准和行业标准的基础上,提出了水稻优质栽培的主攻目标;在探讨遗传、环境和栽培因素对稻米品质影响的基础上,指出高产与优质栽培的矛盾在于产量和食味品质提升对幼穗分化期N养分需求的不一致;提出了以前期促长精准控施穗肥N为核心的水稻高产与优质相协调的栽培策略。

There are conflicts and contradictions between high-yield and good-quality in rice management, and to achieve the coordinated improvement of yield and quality is the goal of rice production. In this article, we introduced the development of good quality rice production in China, and its relationship with high yield production. Based on the brief comparison of national and industrial standards of good quality rice varieties, paddy and rice, the main objectives of good quality rice management were discussed. It was put forward that the contradiction between high-yield and good-quality rice cultivation lies in the inconsistent requirements for N nutrition at panicle differentiation stage, and the strategy for high yield and good quality coordination was early growth promotion and accurate application of nitrogen fertilizer for panicle initiation.