分析了2001—2020年来自我国各地的62 217份稻米样品的优质率。结果表明,“十三五”期间,我国水稻品种稻米优质率提升迅速,从2015年的27.3%快速增加到2020年的49.2%;21世纪初期,粳稻品种稻米优质率明显高于籼稻品种稻米,但两者品质差距不断缩小;垩白度是21世纪初期限制稻米优质率的主要品质指标,但“十三五”期间有明显的提升,其优质率超过了整精米率、直链淀粉含量等指标的优质率,已经不是限制稻米优质率的最重要因素;整精米率整体表现不佳,优质率较低,“十三五”期间已经成为7项定级指标中优质率最低的指标,是限制稻米优质率的重要指标。因此,提高我国稻米的整精米率,是今后我国水稻品质育种的重要目标之一。

62 217 rice variety samples from all parts of China during recent 20 years were analyzed with respect to high quality rate. The results showed, during the“13th Five-Year Plan” period, high quality rate of rice in China rose rapidly from 27.3% in 2015 to 49.2% in 2020. In the early 21st century, high quality rate of japonica rice was much higher than that of indica rice. However, the gap of high quality rate between indica rice and japonica rice has been narrowing. Chalkiness was the most important quality indicator that limited the high quality rate in the early 21st century. During the“13th Five-Year Plan” period, it had been obviously improved and had higher high quality rate than head rice rate and amylose content, no longer the most important factor to limit high quality rate. Relatively poor performance was observed for head rice rate. Among seven grade indicators, head rice rate possessed lowest high quality rate, becoming the most important quality indicator that limited high quality rate during the “13th Five-Year Plan” period. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of rice in China, it is important to improve head rice rate in the future