为探明淮北地区稻麦周年不同秸秆还田方式与模式对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响,通过大田大区试验,比较分析了在正常水肥管理下不同秸秆还田方式（旋耕、耕翻）与模式（双季秸秆均不还田、双季秸秆均还田、稻季秸秸秆还田、麦季秸秆还田）处理组合下优香粳的产量和品质。两年结果均显示,耕翻不还田处理下产量最低,在耕翻条件下,秸秆还田增产效应较为显著。产量构成分析表明,多数指标在秸秆还田方式与模式间均存在显著和极显著水平互作, 2020年试验穗质量、穗长、每穗粒数、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数等指标在不同还田模式之间达到显著或极显著差异,均表现出秸秆还田处理优于不还田处理的趋势,耕翻条件下结实率明显高于旋耕处理。2020年不同处理间在垩白粒率、碱消值、直链淀粉含量、透明度以及RVA值间均存在显著或极显著差异。耕翻条件下垩白粒率明显低于旋耕。耕翻条件下直链淀粉含量稻还田、麦还田处理明显高于不还田处理,说明秸秆还田在一定程度上增加了直链淀粉含量,使得米饭不至过于软黏。RVA数据显示,旋耕不还田和耕翻麦还田处理下数值最优。说明还田模式的不同可能会影响到稻米的食味品质。

In order to explore the effects of different straw returning methods and models on rice yield and quality in Huaibei area, we took Youxianggeng as experimental material, compared and analyzed the yield and quality of Youxianggeng under different straw returning methods （rotary tillage, plowing） and models （no returning, double returning, rice returning and wheat returning） under normal water and fertilizer management. The two-year results showed that the yield was the lowest in the plowing and no returning treatment, and the yield increasement effect of straw returning was more significant under plowing condition. According to the analysis of yield composition, most indicators interacted significant and extremely significant level between straw returning methods and modes. At the same time, there were significant and extremely significant differences in panicle weight, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, primary branch and secondary branch among returning modes in 2020, showing a tendency that straw returning was better than non returning. The seed setting rate under plowing was significantly higher than that under rotary tillage. There were significant and extremely significant differences in chalky grain rate, alkali spreading value, content of amylose, transparency and RVA value among different treatments in 2020. The chalky grain rate under plowing was significantly better than that under rotary tillage. Under plowing conditions, the amylose content of rice returning treatment and wheat returning treatment was significantly higher than that of no returning treatment, indicating that straw returning increased the amylose content to a certain extent, so that the rice was not too soft and sticky. RVA data showed that the value was the best under the treatment of rotary tillage with no returning and ploughing with wheat returing. It shows that different returning patterns may affect the eating quality of rice.