2018年早稻季在典型的酸性红壤双季稻田开展小区试验,探究石灰对红壤稻田油菜秸秆腐解、养分释放及早稻产量的影响。结果表明,施用石灰或油菜秸秆还田均显著提高早稻产量,且二者具有显著的互作效应。施用石灰显著促进了油菜秸秆还田后前中期的腐解和氮素释放,而对磷和钾元素的释放无显著影响。油菜秸秆还田并配施石灰能促进早稻分蘖成穗、地上部养分（氮、磷、钾）吸收及干物质积累,提高总颖花量,从而扩大有效穗数和每穗粒数。可见,在酸性红壤稻田,油菜秸秆还田并配施石灰可加速自身腐解与氮素释放,实现水稻增产。

A field experiment was conducted in the red soil hilly region in the early-rice season in 2018 to examine the effects of lime on decomposition and nutrient release characteristics of rapeseed straw and rice yield formation. The results showed that applying lime or rape straw to the field significantly increased the yield of early rice, and the two had a significant interaction effect. The application of lime significantly promoted the decomposition and nitrogen release of rape straw in the early and mid-term after returning to the field, but had no significant effect on the release of phosphorus and potassium. Rape straw returning to the field combined with lime application increased tillering and effective panicle, nutrients（N, P, K） absorption, dry matter accumulation and simultaneously increased the number of effective spikes and grains per panicle, thus expanded the population storage capacity. It can be seen that in acid red soil rice fields, returning rape straw to the field and applying lime accelerated its own decomposition and nitrogen release, and increased rice yield.