云南省近10年（2011—2020年）已育成粳稻品种98个,根据区域试验组别和品种类型可分为中海拔常规粳稻、高海拔常规粳稻、三系杂交粳稻、两系杂交粳稻4种类型,比较分析了这4种类型高原粳稻品种的产量、抗性和米质。结果表明,育成的品种以常规粳稻为主,占比73.47%;育种主体以科研院所为主,占比90.82%;杂交粳稻产量较常规粳稻高6.16%,中海拔常规粳稻产量较高海拔常规粳稻高6.42%,每穗实粒数增加是近年高原粳稻增产的主要因素;对稻瘟病抗性总体不足,而对白叶枯病具有较强抗性;稻米品质总体不佳,中海拔常规粳稻米质优于高海拔常规粳稻,限制云南高原粳稻米质的关键因素是整精米率、垩白粒率、精米率和垩白度。适当增大个体,构建更高层次的个体群体协调平衡是高原粳稻育种的重点方向。

98 japonica varieties bred in the past 10 years （2011—2020） in Yunnan Province, by regional test group and variety type, can be divided into four types: middle-altitude conventional japonica rice, high-altitude conventional japonica rice, three-line hybrid japonica rice, and two-line hybrid japonica rice. The yield, resistance and quality of these 4 types of plateau japonica rice varieties were compared and analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the bred varieties are mainly conventional japonica rice, accounting for 73.47%; the main breeding subjects are scientific research institutes, accounting for 90.82%; the yield of hybrid japonica rice is 6.16% higher than that of conventional japonica rice, and the yield of mid-elevation conventional japonica rice is 6.42% higher than that of high-altitude conventional japonica rice, the increase of the number of grains per panicle is the main factor for the yield increasement of plateau japonica rice in recent years; the bred varieties have insufficient resistance to rice blast, but have strong resistance to bacterial blight; the rice quality of the bred varieties is generally poor, the grain quality of mid-elevation conventional japonica rice is better than that of high-altitude conventional japonica rice and hybrid japonica rice, the key factors that limit the quality of japonica rice in Yunnan Plateau are the whole rice rate, chalky grain rate, polished rice rate and chalkiness. Properly increasing individuals and constructing a higher level of coordination and balance between individuals and groups is the key direction of plateau japonica rice breeding.