黑龙江是我国粳稻生产大省,总产量、商品量、商品率、商品调出量和人均生产稻谷量全国第一,这主要源自水稻新品种的不断更新换代。近年来,黑龙江省粳稻育种取得了长足发展,创建了寒地早粳稻“一早三抗”半直立穗新株型育种理论和技术体系,培育出以龙粳31为代表的一批优质高产多抗水稻新品种,结束了日本品种空育131独霸我国寒地早粳稻生产10多年的历史,2020年以龙粳31为代表的“寒地早粳稻优质高产多抗龙粳新品种”被评为国家“十三五”十大农业科技标志性成果,标志着我国寒地早粳稻育种取得了历史性突破,在产量、抗性、适应性、应用面积等均超过国内外同类稻区的著名品种,达到世界领先水平。本文针对黑龙江粳稻育种存在的问题,提出了相应建议和对策。

Heilongjiang is a major province for japonica rice production in China, with the highest total output, commodity volume, commodity rate, commodity transfer out volume and per capita rice production, which is mainly due to the continuous renewal of rice varieties. In recent years, great progress has been made in japonica rice breeding in Heilongjiang province. The breeding theory and technical system of semierect panicle new plant type with rapid growth characteristics at early stage, and disease resistance, cold resistance and lodging resistance of early japonica rice in cold areas have been established. A number of good-quality, high-yield potential and multi-resistance rice varieties represented by Longjing 31 were bred and popularized, which finished the history of Japanese variety kongyu 131 dominating the production of early japonica rice in cold areas in China for more than 10 years. In 2020, “new Longjing varieties of early japonica rice with high quality, high yield and multi-resistance in cold regions” was rated as one of the top ten landmark achievement in agricultural science and technology in China's 13th Five-Year Plan for its historic breakthrough in early japonica rice breeding in cold regions in China. It has surpassed the well-known varieties in similar rice areas at home and abroad, reached the world leading level in terms of yield, resistance, adaptability and application area. In this paper, the corresponding suggestions and countermeasures are put forward for the problems existing in japonica rice breeding in Heilongjiang.