多年生稻育种进展及展望
收稿日期: 2022-07-04
网络出版日期: 2022-09-21
基金资助
云南省科技计划重大研究专项(202102AE09 008);云南省基础研究计划(202001BB050074)
Breeding Progress and Prospect of Perennial Rice
Received date: 2022-07-04
Online published: 2022-09-21
多年生稻是指头季稻成熟收割后,通过免耕保留稻桩,等到下一个生长季,稻桩地下茎腋芽发出新苗,重新成为可以收割的稻。笔者所在团队以亚洲栽培稻（Oryza sativa）为母本,以来源于非洲的长雄野生稻（O. longistaminata）为父本,通过种间远缘杂交方式培育多年生稻。经过20多年的研究,发现了长雄野生稻地下茎遗传规律,发明了利用长雄野生稻地下茎无性繁殖特性培育多年生稻的方法,创制了一批具有多年生性的育种材料,育成了3个多年生稻品种,创新了以越冬和免耕为核心的多年生稻轻简化生产技术,实现了只需耕种1次即可连续收获4~5年的稻作生产方式。从理论发现、技术发明、品种培育、栽培技术创新到产业化,形成了自成体系、独树一帜的多年生稻研发模式,为农作物尤其是多年生粮食作物的遗传改良与应用提供了借鉴。
张石来, 黄光福, 张玉娇, 廉小平, 张静, 陈蕊, 胡凤益 . 多年生稻育种进展及展望[J]. 中国稻米, 2022 , 28(5) : 39 -43 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.05.006
Perennial rice is an innovative rice type bred by the inter-specific hybridization between Oryza sativa and O. longistaminata which was 20 years′ effort of one group in Yunnan University and could realize once planting as multiple harvest via regrowing new tillers from its rhizome buds without tillage over year. Till now, the group proved preliminarily the inheritance of rhizome of O. longistaminata, invented a patent of the method of breeding for perennial rice using the vegetative propagation characteristics of the rhizome of O. longistaminata. Then, a lot of breeding lines with strong perenniality were obtained, 3 of these were released as cultivar of perennial rice as a milestone because this was first cultivar of perennial grain. Moreover, a novel and simplified crop management of perennial rice focused on no tillage and overwinter was built up, which realized once planting with several successive harvests in 4-5 years. The mode of perennial rice innovation, which is from theoretical discovery, technological invention, breeding, crop management innovation, to industrialization, will provides important reference for the genetic improvement and application not only for perennial grain but also for other crops.
Key words： rice; perennial rice; perennilality; Oryza longistaminata
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