水稻是我国重要的粮食作物,全国有60%以上人口以大米为主食。西南稻区是我国六大稻区之一,对保障我国粮食安全具有重要的战略意义。针对西南稻区“寡日照、高湿度、小温差”的生态条件,周开达院士等经历了艰苦的探索和反复实践,提出发展“重穗型”杂交稻是西南稻区实现水稻超高产的重要途径。本文总结了西南稻区重穗型杂交稻发展现状,列举了可用于重穗型杂交稻分子设计育种的基因资源,提出了重穗型杂交稻的分子设计育种策略,以期为培育新的高产优质“重穗协调型”品种提供参考,致力于打造更高水平的“天府粮仓”。

Rice is one of the most important cereal crop in China and more than 60% of the population taking rice as the stable food. Southwest rice region is one of the six rice regions, which has important strategic significance to guarantee China food security. In view of the ecological conditions of “little sunshine, high humidity, and small temperature difference” in the southwest rice region, academician Zhou Kaida have experienced hard exploration and repeated practice, and proposed that development of “heavy panicle type” hybrid rice is an important way to achieve super high yield of rice in Southwest China. This article summarizes the current situation of heavy panicle hybrid rice in Southwest China, enumerates the gene resources that can be used in the molecular design breeding, and proposes the strategies for molecular design breeding, in order to breed new “coordinate heavy panicle type” varieties with high yield and good quality, and devote to create a higher level “Tianfu granary”.