种业是农业发展的芯片，其发展质量是决定粮食安全的关键。本文应用产业组织理论中“结构-行为-绩效”的分析范式，构建了我国杂交稻主产区种业的产业组织分析框架。从市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效的角度，对杂交稻主产区种业的经营规模、市场销售、运营模式、育种体系、营销渠道、价格分布及区域格局等进行分析。最后，基于“完善育种体系，加强资源整合；协调种企上中下游渠道，促进产内合理分工；提高行业管理水平，适度引导种企集群发展”等方面提出我国杂交稻种业发展的优化路径。

Seed industry is the “chip” of agricultural development, and its development quality plays a dental role at the contribution to food security. This paper employed the theory of industrial organization, and made full use of the framework SCP (structure-conduct-performance) to analyze the hybrid rice seed industry in China. From the perspectives of market structure, market behavior and market performance, we analyzed the business scale, market sales, operation mode, breeding system, marketing channels, price distribution and regional pattern of the seed industry in the main hybrid rice producing areas. Finally, based on the aspects of “improving the breeding system and strengthening the integration of resources; coordinating the upstream, midstream and downstream channels of seed enterprises, and promoting the rational division of labor within production; improving the level of industry management， and appropriately guiding the development of seed enterprises clusters”, we proposed the optimal path for the development of hybrid rice seed industry.