粮食安全不仅是事关国计民生和社会稳定的根本问题，也是事关国家经济发展和国土安全的首要问题。本文从浙江山区统筹粮食发展和安全的研究入手，以丽水市为例，在乡村振兴和农业农村现代化建设以及巩固脱贫攻坚成果的大背景下，分析浙江山区粮食生产条件和现状，指出山区基础差、机械装备少，规模小、单产低，成本高、效益低等问题。通过案例分析，总结可示范可推广的粮食产业发展做法和经验，探索智能化、品牌化、共享化、长效化等农业现代化路径，提出政策倾斜、协调用地、引导服务、优化产业结构等建议，以确保新时代山区粮食安全体系的长期稳定，为农业农村现代化路径提供借鉴。

Food security is not only a fundamental issue related to national economy and people’s livelihood and social stability, but also a primary issue related to national economic development and homeland security. This article starts with the study of overall grain development and security in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang, taking Lishui City as an example, under the background of rural revitalization, agricultural and rural modernization, and consolidation of the achievements of poverty alleviation, analyzes the conditions and status quo of food production in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang, and points out that the poor foundation in mountainous areas, including of poor mechanical equipment, small scale, low unit yield, high cost and low benefit. Through case analysis, we summarized the development practices and experience of the grain industry that can be demonstrated and promoted, explored the paths of agricultural modernization such as intelligence, branding, sharing, and long-term effect, put forward suggestions such as policy inclination, coordinated land use, guiding services, and optimizing industrial structure, to ensure the long-term stability of the mountain food security system in the new era and provide a reference for the path of agricultural and rural modernization.