南方双季稻区土壤酸化日益严重，已经成为制约水稻产量提升的主要因素之一。大量研究表明，施用石灰可以改良土壤酸化和提高水稻产量，但目前关于石灰施用对当地稻米品质的影响研究较少，且不同石灰类物质的施用效果是否存在差异还不是很清楚。于2021年在江西省典型酸性双季稻田上开展田间试验，旨在明确施用不同石灰类物质（氧化钙、氢氧化钙、碳酸钙）对优质稻（早稻为柒两优2012、晚稻为美香占2号）产量和米质的影响。结果表明，不同石灰类物质间的施用效果无显著差异，且施用石灰类物质对早稻产量、品质和氮素吸收亦无显著影响。但与不施石灰对照相比，施用氧化钙、氢氧化钙和碳酸钙处理的晚稻显著增产11.3%、17.3%和17.6%，氮素吸收显著增加16.6%、17.1%和13.5%，精米率和整精米率分别显著提高1.3%~2.1%和6.1%~6.3%，直链淀粉含量显著下降4.7%~4.8%。与不施石灰对照相比，施用氧化钙、氢氧化钙和碳酸钙处理的早季稻田土壤pH值分别显著提升0.52、0.42和0.50个单位，晚季稻田土壤pH分别显著提升0.41、0.57和0.48个单位。可见，在酸性双季稻田上施用石灰类物质，在改良土壤酸化的同时改善了晚稻的加工和食味品质。

Soil acidification is becoming more and more serious in the southern double cropping rice region, which has become one of the main factors restricting the increase of rice yield. A large number of studies have shown that the application of limes could significantly alleviate soil acidification and increase rice yield. However, there are few studies on the impact of lime application on rice quality, and it is not clear whether there are differences in the application effects of different lime substances. In 2021, a field experiment was conducted on a typical acidic double-cropping rice field in Jiangxi Province to clarify the effects of different lime substances (calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate) on the yield and quality of high-quality rice (Qiliangyou 2012 for early rice and Meixiangzhan 2 for late rice). The results showed that there was no significant difference in the application effects of different lime substances, and the application of limes had no significant effect on the yield, quality and nitrogen absorption uptake of early rice. However, compared with the control without lime application, the treatment with calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate significantly increased the yield of late rice by 11.3%, 17.3% and 17.6%, significantly increased the nitrogen absorption uptake by 16.6%, 17.1% and 13.5%, significantly increased the rate of milled rice and head rice by 1.3%-2.1% and 6.1%-6.3%, respectively, and significantly decreased the amylose content by 4.7%-4.8%. Compared with the control without lime application, the pH value of early rice paddy soil was significantly increased by 0.52, 0.42 and 0.50 units respectively, and 0.41, 0.57 and 0.48 units respectively in the treatment of late rice paddy soil in the treatment of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate. It can be seen that the application of lime in acid rice fields can improve the processing and eating quality of late rice while improving soil acidification