以辽粳419为供试品种，以腐熟牛粪秸秆基质为载体，设置3种粒径（T1，0~3 mm；T2，0~5 mm；T3，3~5 mm）处理，以营养土作为对照（CK），比较分析了各处理间秧苗素质和移栽质量的差异。结果表明，T2和T3处理秧苗的株高、茎基宽、干物质积累量等性状显著高于T1处理秧苗，也高于CK秧苗但部分性状未达到显著水平。秧苗根系总长度、总表面积、总体积、根尖数等根系性状指标均表现为T3>T2>CK>T1的规律。T2处理秧苗充实度和壮苗指数显著高于T1处理和CK，秧苗素质较好。T2处理秧苗漏插率和伤株率最低，基本苗数最高，秧苗移栽质量最好。鉴于秧苗素质和移栽质量，腐熟牛粪秸秆基质粒径设置在0~5 mm更有利于水稻育苗生产。

The differences in seedling quality and transplant quality of rice variety Liaojing 419 in three types of decomposed cow manure straw substrate particle sizes (T1, 0-3 mm; T2, 0-5 mm; T3, 3-5 mm) and nutrient soil were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the plant height, basal stem width and dry weight of T2 and T3 treatments were significantly higher than T1 treatment, and higher than CK but some traits insignificantly. The root traits such as length, surface area, volume and tip number showed a trend of T3>T2>CK >T1. The seedling fullness and seedling index of T2 treatment were significantly higher than T1 treatment and CK, that means the seedling quality of T2 treatment was best. The unplanted hill percentage and injured rate of T2 treatment were the lowest, and the basic population was the highest, that means the transplanting quality of T2 treatment was best. Considering the seedling quality and transplanting quality, the substrate made of decomposed cow and straw with 0-5 mm particle size is more suitable for rice seedling production.