灌溉模式与施氮方式对北方粳稻产量及干物质积累的影响
收稿日期: 2023-07-10
网络出版日期: 2023-09-15
基金资助
国家重点研发计划项目“粮食丰产增效科技创新”(2016YFD0300104)
Effects of Irrigation Pattern and Nitrogen Application on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation of Northern Japonica Rice
Received date: 2023-07-10
Online published: 2023-09-15
为探讨灌溉模式与施氮方式对水稻产量及干物质积累的影响，以辽宁省主栽水稻品种沈稻47为试材开展田间试验。试验设淹水灌溉（W1）和干湿交替灌溉（W2）2种灌溉模式，施氮量为200 kg/hm2，根据不同时期施氮比例分为3种施氮方式：基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=5∶3∶2（F1）、基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=4∶5∶1（F2）、基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗肥=4∶3∶3（F3）。结果表明，W2模式比W1模式增产3.90%；2种灌溉模式下均以F3处理产量表现最佳，W2F3处理要比W1F3处理增产7.48%。增产的主要原因是增加了单位面积有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率。与W1模式相比，W2模式下的茎蘖成穗率、剑叶SPAD、LAI整体表现较高，尤其是在水稻生长后期。与W1F1（常规栽培管理）相比，W2F1和W2F3处理抽穗前干物质显著增加了14.24%和14.71%，各器官干物质量的积累也显著增加。相对于W1F1处理，W1F2和W2F1处理显著提高了叶片干物质输出率和转化率，W2F2和W2F3处理显著提高了茎鞘干物质输出率和转化率。研究结果为东北地区水稻高产合理灌溉和氮肥运筹提供了理论依据。
王悦, 吴周周, 刘佳欣, 周婵婵, 王术, 贾宝艳, 黄元财, 王岩, 王韵, 冯跃 . 灌溉模式与施氮方式对北方粳稻产量及干物质积累的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2023 , 29(5) : 71 -77 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.05.013
To investigate the effects of irrigation patterns and N application methods on rice yield and dry matter accumulation, a field experiment was conducted using the main rice variety Shendao 47 in Liaoning Province as the test material. The experiment was conducted with two irrigation modes (W1, flood irrigation; W2, alternate wet and dry irrigation) and three nitrogen application methods [the N application rate is 200 kg/hm2, the proportions of basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and ear fertilizer are 5∶3∶2(F1), 4∶5∶1(F2) and 4∶3∶3(F3), respectively]. The results showed that the W2 mode increased yield by 3.90% compared to W1 mode. Under both W1 and W2 modes, F3 treatment had the best yield performance, W2F3 treatment increased yield by 7.48% compared to W1F3 treatment. The main reason for yield increase was the increase in effective panicles per unit area, grains per panicle and the kernel setting rate. Compared with the W1 mode, the overall performance of stem and tiller panicle rate, flag leaf SPAD and LAI was higher in the W2 mode, especially in the later stages of rice growth. Compared with W1F1 treatment, W2F1 and W2F3 treatments significantly increased pre-heading dry matter by 14.24% and 14.71%, respectively, and also significantly increased dry matter accumulation in all organs. Compared to W1F1 treatment, W1F2 and W2F1 treatments significantly increased leaf dry matter production and conversion rate, W2F2 and W2F3 treatments significantly increased culm sheath dry matter production and conversion rate. The results of the study provide a theoretical reference for rational irrigation and N fertilizer application for high yield of rice in Northeast China.
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