于2020—2021年在稻虾共作模式模拟小区探究了“干湿交替”（RC）和“长期深水灌溉”（RS）两种水分管理方式对水稻氮素利用效率、稻米品质及产量、小龙虾产量及规格分布的影响。结果表明，相较于RC处理，RS处理降低了水稻氮素利用效率和稻米品质。2021年RS处理氮素农学效率和直链淀粉含量显著低于RC处理，蛋白质含量显著高于RC处理，食味值综合评分略低于RC处理；2年试验中，RS处理水稻实际产量均高于7.5 t/hm²的稳产目标，与RC处理差异未达到显著水平；且RS处理通过显著增加小龙虾个体质量，降低个体质量波动性（34.18%~42.64%、4.84%~32.37%），有效提升总产量和35 g以上规格成虾产量（112.51%~115.56%、261.76%~450.09%）。因此，稻虾共作模式采取“长期深水灌溉”方式既可保证水稻稳产，还能提高小龙虾养殖经济收益。

Two water management modes, namely, “alternating dry and wet” (RC) and “long-term deep water irrigation” (RS), were established in 2020 and 2021 to explore the effects of different water management modes on rice nitrogen use efficiency, rice quality and yield, crayfish yield and size distribution under rice shrimp co cropping mode. The results showed that compared with RC treatment, RS treatment had a trend to reduce rice nitrogen use efficiency and rice quality. In 2021, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and amylose content of RS treatment were significantly lower than those of RC treatment, the protein content was significantly higher than that of RC treatment, and the comprehensive score of taste value was slightly lower than that of RC treatment (p>0.05). In the experiments in 2020 and 2021, the actual grain yield of RS treatment exceeded the stable yield target of 7.5 t/hm², and the difference with RC treatment is not significant. In addition, RS treatment could effectively increase the total yield and the yield which individual weight over 35 g（112.51%-115.56%、261.76%-450.09%） by significantly increasing the average weight and decreasing the volatility of individual weight（34.18%-42.64%、4.84%-32.37%）. Therefore, the“long-term deep water irrigation” mode not only ensure stable yield of rice but also improve the economic benefits of crawfish culture.