杂草严重制约水稻生产，培育具有乙酰乳酸合成酶（acetolactate synthase，ALS）抑制剂的广谱抗除草剂水稻新品种是应对稻田杂草危害的有效途径之一。本研究鉴定了抗ALS抑制剂类除草剂金粳818与感除草剂日本晴ALS基因的差异位点，开发特异分子标记。对以携带ALS抗性基因型的金粳818、津稻372为亲本的杂交后代进行除草剂喷施和分子标记辅助选择。开发了818ALSF/R、HDALSF/R两对分子标记，可以快速区分纯合显性、杂合、纯合隐性3种基因型，且与除草剂喷施结果一致；选育得到22S9和22S4两份抗除草剂优异水稻种质资源材料。通过对杂交后代分子标记辅助选择可快速筛选出具有ALS除草剂抗性基因的种质资源材料，提高了在抗ALS抑制剂类除草剂水稻种质中的筛选效率。

Weeds seriously restrict rice production, and cultivating new varieties of rice with broad-spectrum herbicide resistance and acetyllactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors is one of an effective ways to deal with the harm of weeds in rice fields. The difference sites between the anti-ALS inhibitor herbicide Jinjing 818 and the sensitive herbicide Nipponbare ALS gene were identified, and specific molecular markers were developed. Herbicide spraying and molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) were carried out on the hybrid offspring of Jinjing 818 and Jindao 372 with ALS-resistant genotypes as parents. Two pairs of molecular markers, 818ALSF/R and HDALSF/R were developed, which could quickly distinguish three genotypes of homozygous dominant, heterozygous and homozygous genotypes, and were consistent with the herbicide spraying results. Two excellent rice germplasm resource materials, 22S9 and 22S4, with excellent herbicide resistance, were bred. Germplasm resource materials with ALS herbicide resistance gene can be quickly screened out by MAS of hybrid offspring, and the screening efficiency in rice germplasm of anti-ALS inhibitor herbicides can be improved.